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Side Effects & Adverse Reactions
CEFTIN TABLETS AND CEFTIN FOR ORAL SUSPENSION ARE NOT BIOEQUIVALENT AND ARE THEREFORE NOT SUBSTITUTABLE ON A MILLIGRAM-PER-MILLIGRAM BASIS (SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).
BEFORE THERAPY WITH CEFTIN PRODUCTS IS INSTITUTED, CAREFUL INQUIRY SHOULD BE MADE TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE PATIENT HAS HAD PREVIOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS TO CEFTIN PRODUCTS, OTHER CEPHALOSPORINS, PENICILLINS, OR OTHER DRUGS. IF THIS PRODUCT IS TO BE GIVEN TO PENICILLIN-SENSITIVE PATIENTS, CAUTION SHOULD BE EXERCISED BECAUSE CROSS-HYPERSENSITIVITY AMONG BETALACTAM ANTIBIOTICS HAS BEEN CLEARLY DOCUMENTED AND MAY OCCUR IN UP TO 10% OF PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF PENICILLIN ALLERGY. IF A CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT ALLERGIC REACTION TO CEFTIN PRODUCTS OCCURS, DISCONTINUE THE DRUG AND INSTITUTE APPROPRIATE THERAPY. SERIOUS ACUTE HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS MAY REQUIRE TREATMENT WITH EPINEPHRINE AND OTHER EMERGENCY MEASURES, INCLUDING OXYGEN, INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS, INTRAVENOUS ANTIHISTAMINES, CORTICOSTEROIDS, PRESSOR AMINES, AND AIRWAY MANAGEMENT, AS CLINICALLY INDICATED.
Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including CEFTIN, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.
C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over 2 months after the administration of antibacterial agents.
If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.
Legal Issues
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FDA Safety Alerts
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Manufacturer Warnings
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FDA Labeling Changes
There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.
Uses
NOTE: CEFTIN TABLETS AND CEFTIN FOR ORAL SUSPENSION ARE NOT BIOEQUIVALENT AND ARE NOT SUBSTITUTABLE ON A MILLIGRAM-PER-MILLIGRAM BASIS (SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).
CEFTIN Tablets are indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed below:
- 1.
- Pharyngitis /Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes .
- NOTE: The usual drug of choice in the treatment and prevention of streptococcal infections, including the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever, is penicillin given by the intramuscular route. CEFTIN Tablets are generally effective in the eradication of streptococci from the nasopharynx; however, substantial data establishing the efficacy of cefuroxime in the subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Please also note that in all clinical trials, all isolates had to be sensitive to both penicillin and cefuroxime. There are no data from adequate and well-controlled trials to demonstrate the effectiveness of cefuroxime in the treatment of penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pyogenes .
- 2.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase−producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including beta-lactamase−producing strains), or Streptococcus pyogenes .
- 3.
- Acute Bacterial Maxillary Sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae (non-beta-lactamase−producing strains only) (see CLINICAL STUDIES).
- NOTE: In view of the insufficient numbers of isolates of beta-lactamase−producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis that were obtained from clinical trials with CEFTIN Tablets for patients with acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis, it was not possible to adequately evaluate the effectiveness of CEFTIN Tablets for sinus infections known, suspected, or considered potentially to be caused by beta-lactamase−producing Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis.
- 4.
- Acute Bacterial Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis and Secondary Bacterial Infections of Acute Bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase negative strains), or Haemophilus parainfluenzae (betalactamase negative strains) (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and CLINICAL STUDIES).
- 5.
- Uncomplicated Skin and Skin-Structure Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase−producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes .
- 6.
- Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections caused by Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
- 7.
- Uncomplicated Gonorrhea, urethral and endocervical, caused by penicillinase-producing and non-penicillinase−producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and uncomplicated gonorrhea, rectal, in females, caused by non-penicillinase−producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- 8.
- Early Lyme Disease ( erythema migrans ) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi .
CEFTIN for Oral Suspension is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients 3 months to 12 years of age with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed below. The safety and effectiveness of CEFTIN for Oral Suspension in the treatment of infections other than those specifically listed below have not been established either by adequate and wellcontrolled trials or by pharmacokinetic data with which to determine an effective and safe dosing regimen.
- 1.
- Pharyngitis /Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes .
- NOTE: The usual drug of choice in the treatment and prevention of streptococcal infections, including the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever, is penicillin given by the intramuscular route. CEFTIN for Oral Suspension is generally effective in the eradication of streptococci from the nasopharynx; however, substantial data establishing the efficacy of cefuroxime in the subsequent prevention of rheumatic fever are not available. Please also note that in all clinical trials, all isolates had to be sensitive to both penicillin and cefuroxime. There are no data from adequate and well-controlled trials to demonstrate the effectiveness of cefuroxime in the treatment of penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pyogenes .
- 2.
- Acute Bacterial Otitis Media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase−producing strains), Moraxella catarrhalis (including beta-lactamase−producing strains), or Streptococcus pyogenes .
- 3.
- Impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase−producing strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes.
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of CEFTIN and other antibacterial drugs, CEFTIN should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
History
There is currently no drug history available for this drug.
Other Information
CEFTIN Tablets and CEFTIN for Oral Suspension contain cefuroxime as cefuroxime axetil. CEFTIN is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic for oral administration.
Chemically, cefuroxime axetil, the 1-(acetyloxy) ethyl ester of cefuroxime, is (RS)-1-hydroxyethyl (6R ,7R)-7-[2-(2-furyl)glyoxyl-amido]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]-oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate, 72-(Z)-(O -methyl-oxime), 1-acetate 3-carbamate. Its molecular formula is C20H22N4O10S, and it has a molecular weight of 510.48.
Cefuroxime axetil is in the amorphous form and has the following structural formula:
CEFTIN Tablets are film-coated and contain the equivalent of 250 or 500 mg of cefuroxime as cefuroxime axetil. CEFTIN Tablets contain the inactive ingredients colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hypromellose, methylparaben, microcrystalline cellulose, propylene glycol, propylparaben, sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and titanium dioxide.
CEFTIN for Oral Suspension, when reconstituted with water, provides the equivalent of 125 mg or 250 mg of cefuroxime (as cefuroxime axetil) per 5 mL of suspension. CEFTIN for Oral Suspension contains the inactive ingredients acesulfame potassium, aspartame, povidone K30, stearic acid, sucrose, tutti-frutti flavoring, and xanthan gum.
Sources
Ceftin Manufacturers
-
A-s Medication Solutions Llc
Ceftin | A-s Medication Solutions Llc
NOTE: CEFTIN TABLETS AND CEFTIN FOR ORAL SUSPENSION ARE NOT BIOEQUIVALENT AND ARE NOT SUBSTITUTABLE ON A MILLIGRAM-PER-MILLIGRAM BASIS (SEE CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).
Table 7. CEFTIN Tablets
(May be administered without regard to meals.)Population/Infection
Dosage
Duration (days)
Adolescents and Adults (13 years and older)
Pharyngitis/tonsillitis
250 mg b.i.d.
10
Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis
250 mg b.i.d.
10
Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
250 or 500 mg b.i.d.
10a
Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis
250 or 500 mg b.i.d.
5-10
Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections
250 or 500 mg b.i.d.
10
Uncomplicated urinary tract infections
250 mg b.i.d.
7-10
Uncomplicated gonorrhea
1,000 mg once
single dose
Early Lyme disease
500 mg b.i.d.
20
Pediatric Patients (who can swallow tablets whole)
Acute otitis media
250 mg b.i.d.
10
Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis
250 mg b.i.d.
10
a The safety and effectiveness of CEFTIN administered for less than 10 days in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis have not been established.
CEFTIN for Oral SuspensionCEFTIN for Oral Suspension may be administered to pediatric patients ranging in age from 3 months to 12 years, according to dosages in Table 8:
Table 8. CEFTIN for Oral Suspension
(Must be administered with food. Shake well each time before using.)Population/Infection
Dosage
Daily Maximum Dose
Duration (days)
Pediatric Patients (3 months to 12 years)
Pharyngitis/tonsillitis
20 mg/kg/day divided b.i.d.
500 mg
10
Acute otitis media
30 mg/kg/day divided b.i.d.
1,000 mg
10
Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis
30 mg/kg/day divided b.i.d.
1,000 mg
10
Impetigo
30 mg/kg/day divided b.i.d.
1,000 mg
10
Patients With Renal FailureThe safety and efficacy of cefuroxime axetil in patients with renal failure have not been established. Since cefuroxime is renally eliminated, its half-life will be prolonged in patients with renal failure.
Directions for Mixing CEFTIN for Oral SuspensionPrepare a suspension at the time of dispensing as follows:
1. Shake the bottle to loosen the powder. 2. Remove the cap. 3. Add the total amount of water for reconstitution (see Table 9) and replace the cap. 4. Invert the bottle and vigorously rock the bottle from side to side so that water rises through the powder. 5. Once the sound of the powder against the bottle disappears, turn the bottle upright and vigorously shake it in a diagonal direction. Table 9. Amount of Water Required for Reconstitution of Labeled Volumes of CEFTIN for Oral SuspensionCEFTIN for Oral Suspension
Labeled Volume After Reconstitution
Amount of Water Required
for Reconstitution
125 mg/5 mL
100 mL
37 mL
250 mg/5 mL
50 mL
19 mL
100 mL
35 mL
NOTE: SHAKE THE ORAL SUSPENSION WELL BEFORE EACH USE. Replace cap securely after each opening. Store the reconstituted suspension between 2° and 8°C (36° and 46°F) (in a refrigerator). DISCARD AFTER 10 DAYS.
-
Glaxosmithkline Llc
Ceftin | Celgene Corporation
2.1 First Treatment CycleThe recommended starting dose for the first treatment cycle, for all patients regardless of baseline hematology laboratory values, is 75 mg/m2 subcutaneously or intravenously, daily for 7 days. Patients should be premedicated for nausea and vomiting.
Complete blood counts, liver chemistries and serum creatinine should be obtained prior to first dose.
2.2 Subsequent Treatment CyclesCycles should be repeated every 4 weeks. The dose may be increased to 100 mg/m2 if no beneficial effect is seen after 2 treatment cycles and if no toxicity other than nausea and vomiting has occurred. It is recommended that patients be treated for a minimum of 4 to 6 cycles. However, complete or partial response may require additional treatment cycles. Treatment may be continued as long as the patient continues to benefit.
Patients should be monitored for hematologic response and renal toxicities [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)], and dosage delay or reduction as described below may be necessary.
2.3 Dosage Adjustment Based on Hematology Laboratory Values For patients with baseline (start of treatment) WBC ≥3.0 x109/L, ANC ≥1.5 x109/L, and platelets ≥75.0 x109/L, adjust the dose as follows, based on nadir counts for any given cycle: Nadir Counts % Dose in the Next
Course ANC (x109/L)
<0.5
0.5 –1.5
>1.5 Platelets (x109/L)
<25.0
25.0-50.0
>50.0
50%
67%
100% For patients whose baseline counts are WBC <3.0 x109/L, ANC<1.5 x109/L, or platelets <75.0 x109/L, dose adjustments should be based on nadir counts and bone marrow biopsy cellularity at the time of the nadir as noted below, unless there is clear improvement in differentiation (percentage of mature granulocytes is higher and ANC is higher than at onset of that course) at the time of the next cycle, in which case the dose of the current treatment should be continued. WBC or Platelet
Nadir
% decrease in
counts
from baseline Bone Marrow
Biopsy Cellularity at Time of Nadir
(%) 30-60 15-30 <15
% Dose in the Next Course 50 - 75 100 50 33 >75 75 50 33If a nadir as defined in the table above has occurred, the next course of treatment should be given 28 days after the start of the preceding course, provided that both the WBC and the platelet counts are >25% above the nadir and rising. If a >25% increase above the nadir is not seen by day 28, counts should be reassessed every 7 days. If a 25% increase is not seen by day 42, then the patient should be treated with 50% of the scheduled dose.
2.4 Dosage Adjustment Based on Serum Electrolytes and Renal ToxicityIf unexplained reductions in serum bicarbonate levels to <20 mEq/L occur, the dosage should be reduced by 50% on the next course. Similarly, if unexplained elevations of BUN or serum creatinine occur, the next cycle should be delayed until values return to normal or baseline and the dose should be reduced by 50% on the next treatment course [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
2.5 Use in Geriatric PatientsAzacitidine and its metabolites are known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) and Use in Specific Populations (8.5)].
2.6 Preparation of VIDAZAVIDAZA is a cytotoxic drug and, as with other potentially toxic compounds, caution should be exercised when handling and preparing VIDAZA suspensions [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16)].
If reconstituted VIDAZA comes into contact with the skin, immediately and thoroughly wash with soap and water. If it comes into contact with mucous membranes, flush thoroughly with water.
The VIDAZA vial is single-use and does not contain any preservatives. Unused portions of each vial should be discarded properly [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16)]. Do not save any unused portions for later administration.
2.7 Instructions for Subcutaneous AdministrationVIDAZA should be reconstituted aseptically with 4 mL sterile water for injection. The diluent should be injected slowly into the vial. Vigorously shake or roll the vial until a uniform suspension is achieved. The suspension will be cloudy. The resulting suspension will contain azacitidine 25 mg/mL. Do not filter the suspension after reconstitution. Doing so could remove the active substance.
Preparation for Immediate Subcutaneous Administration: Doses greater than 4 mL should be divided equally into 2 syringes. The product may be held at room temperature for up to 1 hour, but must be administered within 1 hour after reconstitution.
Preparation for Delayed Subcutaneous Administration: The reconstituted product may be kept in the vial or drawn into a syringe. Doses greater than 4 mL should be divided equally into 2 syringes. The product must be refrigerated immediately. When VIDAZA is reconstituted using water for injection that has not been refrigerated, the reconstituted product may be held under refrigerated conditions (2ºC - 8ºC, 36ºF - 46ºF) for up to 8 hours. When VIDAZA is reconstituted using refrigerated (2ºC - 8ºC, 36ºF - 46ºF) water for injection, the reconstituted product may be stored under refrigerated conditions (2ºC - 8ºC, 36ºF - 46ºF) for up to 22 hours. After removal from refrigerated conditions, the suspension may be allowed to equilibrate to room temperature for up to 30 minutes prior to administration.
Subcutaneous Administration
To provide a homogeneous suspension, the contents of the dosing syringe must be re-suspended immediately prior to administration. To re-suspend, vigorously roll the syringe between the palms until a uniform, cloudy suspension is achieved.
VIDAZA suspension is administered subcutaneously. Doses greater than 4 mL should be divided equally into 2 syringes and injected into 2 separate sites. Rotate sites for each injection (thigh, abdomen, or upper arm). New injections should be given at least one inch from an old site and never into areas where the site is tender, bruised, red, or hard.
Suspension Stability: VIDAZA reconstituted with non-refrigerated water for injection for subcutaneous administration may be stored for up to 1 hour at 25°C (77°F) or for up to 8 hours between 2°C and 8°C (36°F and 46°F); when reconstituted with refrigerated (2ºC - 8ºC, 36ºF - 46ºF) water for injection, it may be stored for 22 hours between 2°C and 8°C (36°F and 46°F).
2.8 Instructions for Intravenous AdministrationReconstitute the appropriate number of VIDAZA vials to achieve the desired dose. Reconstitute each vial with 10 mL sterile water for injection. Vigorously shake or roll the vial until all solids are dissolved. The resulting solution will contain azacitidine 10 mg/mL. The solution should be clear. Parenteral drug product should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
Withdraw the required amount of VIDAZA solution to deliver the desired dose and inject into a 50 -100 mL infusion bag of either 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection or Lactated Ringer's Injection.
Intravenous Solution Incompatibility
VIDAZA is incompatible with 5% Dextrose solutions, Hespan, or solutions that contain bicarbonate. These solutions have the potential to increase the rate of degradation of VIDAZA and should therefore be avoided.
Intravenous Administration
VIDAZA solution is administered intravenously. Administer the total dose over a period of 10 - 40 minutes. The administration must be completed within 1 hour of reconstitution of the VIDAZA vial.
Solution Stability: VIDAZA reconstituted for intravenous administration may be stored at 25°C (77°F), but administration must be completed within 1 hour of reconstitution.
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