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Uses
Levetiracetam Injection is indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial onset seizures in adults and children 1 month of age and older with epilepsy. Levetiracetam Injection is for intravenous use only as an alternative for patients when oral administration is temporarily not feasible.
Levetiracetam Injection is indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of myoclonic seizures in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Levetiracetam Injection is for intravenous use only as an alternative for patients when oral administration is temporarily not feasible.
Levetiracetam Injection is indicated as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults and children 6 years of age and older with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Levetiracetam Injection is for intravenous use only as an alternative for patients when oral administration is temporarily not feasible.
History
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Other Information
Levetiracetam Injection is an antiepileptic drug available as a clear, colorless, sterile solution (100 mg/mL) for intravenous administration.
The chemical name of levetiracetam, a single enantiomer, is (-)-(S)-α-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide, its molecular formula is C8H14N2O2 and its molecular weight is 170.21. Levetiracetam is chemically unrelated to existing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). It has the following structural formula:
Levetiracetam is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a faint odor and a bitter taste. It is very soluble in water (104.0 g/100 mL). It is freely soluble in chloroform (65.3 g/100 mL) and in methanol (53.6 g/100 mL), soluble in ethanol (16.5 g/100 mL), sparingly soluble in acetonitrile (5.7 g/100 mL) and practically insoluble in n-hexane. (Solubility limits are expressed as g/100 mL solvent.)
Levetiracetam Injection contains 100 mg of levetiracetam per mL. It is supplied in single-dose 5 mL vials containing 500 mg levetiracetam, water for injection, 45 mg sodium chloride, and buffered at approximately pH 5.5 with glacial acetic acid and 8.2 mg sodium acetate trihydrate. Levetiracetam Injection must be diluted prior to intravenous infusion [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)].
Sources
Truelipids Anti-itch Barrier Manufacturers
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Dermdeal, Llc Dba Cheryl Lee, Md Sensitive Skin Care
Truelipids Anti-itch Barrier | Sagent Pharmaceuticals
2.1 Dosing for Partial Onset SeizuresAdults 16 Years and Older
Initiate treatment with a daily dose of 1,000 mg/day, given as twice-daily dosing (500 mg twice daily). Additional dosing increments may be given (1,000 mg/day additional every 2 weeks) to a maximum recommended daily dose of 3,000 mg. There is no evidence that doses greater than 3,000 mg/day confer additional benefit.
Pediatric Patients
1 Month to < 6 Months
Initiate treatment with a daily dose of 14 mg/kg in 2 divided doses (7 mg/kg twice daily). Increase the daily dose every 2 weeks by increments of 14 mg/kg to the recommended daily dose of 42 mg/kg (21 mg/kg twice daily). In the clinical trial, the mean daily dose was 35 mg/kg in this age group. The effectiveness of lower doses has not been studied.
6 Months to < 4 Years
Initiate treatment with a daily dose of 20 mg/kg in 2 divided doses (10 mg/kg twice daily). Increase the daily dose every 2 weeks by increments of 20 mg/kg to the recommended daily dose of 50 mg/kg (25 mg/kg twice daily). If a patient cannot tolerate a daily dose of 50 mg/kg, the daily dose may be reduced. In the clinical trial, the mean daily dose was 47 mg/kg in this age group.
4 Years to < 16 Years
Initiate treatment with a daily dose of 20 mg/kg in 2 divided doses (10 mg/kg twice daily). Increase the daily dose every 2 weeks by increments of 20 mg/kg to the recommended daily dose of 60 mg/kg (30 mg/kg twice daily). If a patient cannot tolerate a daily dose of 60 mg/kg, the daily dose may be reduced. In the clinical trial, the mean daily dose was 44 mg/kg. The maximum daily dose was 3,000 mg/day.
2.2 Dosing for Myoclonic Seizures in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic EpilepsyInitiate treatment with a dose of 1,000 mg/day, given as twice-daily dosing (500 mg twice daily). Increase the dosage by 1,000 mg/day every 2 weeks to the recommended daily dose of 3,000 mg. The effectiveness of doses lower than 3,000 mg/day has not been studied.
2.3 Dosing for Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic SeizuresAdults 16 Years and Older
Initiate treatment with a dose of 1,000 mg/day, given as twice-daily dosing (500 mg twice daily). Increase dosage by 1,000 mg/day every 2 weeks to the recommended daily dose of 3,000 mg. The effectiveness of doses lower than 3,000 mg/day has not been adequately studied.
Pediatric Patients Ages 6 to <16 Years
Initiate treatment with a daily dose of 20 mg/kg in 2 divided doses (10 mg/kg twice daily). Increase the daily dose every 2 weeks by increments of 20 mg/kg (10 mg/kg twice daily) to the recommended daily dose of 60 mg/kg (30 mg/kg twice daily). The effectiveness of doses lower than 60 mg/kg/day has not been adequately studied.
2.4 Switching from Oral DosingWhen switching from oral levetiracetam, the initial total daily intravenous dosage of levetiracetam should be equivalent to the total daily dosage and frequency of oral levetiracetam.
2.5 Switching to Oral DosingAt the end of the intravenous treatment period, the patient may be switched to levetiracetam oral administration at the equivalent daily dosage and frequency of the intravenous administration.
2.6 Preparation and Administration InstructionsLevetiracetam injection is for intravenous use only and should be diluted in 100 mL of a compatible diluent prior to administration. If a smaller volume is required (e.g. pediatric patients), the amount of diluent should be calculated to not exceed a maximum levetiracetam concentration of 15 mg per mL of diluted solution. Consideration should also be given to the total daily fluid intake of the patient. Levetiracetam injection should be administered as a 15-minute IV infusion. One vial of levetiracetam injection contains 500 mg levetiracetam (500 mg per 5 mL).
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. Product with particulate matter or discoloration should not be used.
Any unused portion of the levetiracetam injection vial contents should be discarded.
Adults
See Table 1 for the recommended preparation and administration of levetiracetam injection for adults to achieve a dose of 500 mg, 1,000 mg, or 1,500 mg.
Table 1: Preparation and Administration of Levetiracetam Injection for Adults Dose Withdraw Volume Volume of Diluent Infusion Time 500 mg 5 mL (5 mL vial) 100 mL 15 minutes 1,000 mg 10 mL (two 5 mL vials) 100 mL 15 minutes 1,500 mg 15 mL (three 5 mL vials) 100 mL 15 minutesFor example, to prepare a 1,000 mg dose, dilute 10 mL of levetiracetam injection in 100 mL of a compatible diluent and administer intravenously as a 15-minute infusion.
Pediatric Patients
When using levetiracetam injection for pediatric patients, dosing is weight-based (mg per kg).
The following calculation should be used to determine the appropriate daily dose of levetiracetam injection for pediatric patients:
Daily dose (mg/kg/day) x patient weight (kg)
2.7 Dosage Adjustments in Adult Patients with Renal Impairment
Total daily dose (mL/day) = ---------------------------------------------
100 mg/mLLevetiracetam dosing must be individualized according to the patient's renal function status. Recommended dosage adjustments for adults with renal impairment are shown in Table 2. Information is unavailable for dosage adjustments in pediatric patients with renal impairment. In order to calculate the dose recommended for adult patients with renal impairment, creatinine clearance adjusted for body surface area must be calculated. To do this an estimate of the patient's creatinine clearance (CLcr) in mL/min must first be calculated using the following formula:
[140-age (years)] x weight (kg) (x 0.85 for
CLcr= - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - female
72 x serum creatinine (mg/dL) patients)Then CLcr is adjusted for body surface area (BSA) as follows:
CLcr (mL/min)
Table 2: Dosage Adjustment Regimen for Adult Patients with Renal Impairment
CLcr (mL/min/1.73m2)= - - - - - - - - - - - - - - x 1.73
BSA subject (m2)1Following dialysis, a 250 to 500 mg supplemental dose is recommended.
Group Creatinine Clearance
(mL/min/1.73m2) Dosage
(mg) Frequency Normal > 80 500 to 1,500 Every 12 hours Mild 50 to 80 500 to 1,000 Every 12 hours Moderate 30 to 50 250 to 750 Every 12 hours Severe < 30 250 to 500 Every 12 hours ESRD patients using dialysis ------- 500 to 1,0001 Every 24 hours1 2.8 Compatibility and StabilityLevetiracetam injection was found to be physically compatible and chemically stable when mixed with the following diluents and antiepileptic drugs for at least 24 hours and stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags at controlled room temperature 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).
Diluents
Sodium chloride (0.9%) injection, USP
Lactated Ringer's injection
Dextrose 5% injection, USP
Other Antiepileptic Drugs
Lorazepam
Diazepam
Valproate sodium
There is no data to support the physical compatibility of levetiracetam injection with antiepileptic drugs that are not listed above.
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