Concordia Pharmaceuticals Inc.

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Concordia Pharmaceuticals Inc. Drugs

Dutoprol

Dutoprol

2.1 Dosing Information

The recommended starting dose of DUTOPROL (metoprolol succinate extended release and hydrochlorothiazide) is 25 mg/12.5 mg taken orally once daily with or without food. Depending on the blood pressure response, the dose may be titrated at intervals of 2 weeks to a maximum recommended dose of 200 mg/25 mg (two DUTOPROL 100 mg/12.5 mg tablets) once daily [see Clinical Studies (14)].

For specific advice on blood pressure goals, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program’s Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).

2.2 Use with and Switching from other Anti-Hypertensive Drugs

DUTOPROL may be administered with other antihypertensive drugs. Patients titrated to the individual components (metoprolol succinate and hydrochlorothiazide) may instead receive the corresponding dose of DUTOPROL.

A patient whose blood pressure is inadequately controlled by metoprolol succinate alone or hydrochlorothiazide alone may be switched to DUTOPROL.
Dyrenium

Dyrenium

Adult Dosage

Dosage should be titrated to the needs of the individual patient. When used alone, the usual starting dose is 100 mg twice daily after meals. When combined with another diuretic or antihypertensive agent, the total daily dosage of each agent should usually be lowered initially and then adjusted to the patient’s needs. The total daily dosage should not exceed 300 mg. Please refer to PRECAUTIONS−General.

When Dyrenium (triamterene) is added to other diuretic therapy or when patients are switched to Dyrenium from other diuretics, all potassium supplementation should be discontinued.
Lanoxin

Lanoxin

2.1 Important Dosing and Administration Information

In selecting a LANOXIN dosing regimen, it is important to consider factors that affect digoxin blood levels (e.g., body weight, age, renal function, concomitant drugs) since toxic levels of digoxin are only slightly higher than therapeutic levels. Dosing can be either initiated with a loading dose followed by maintenance dosing if rapid titration is desired or initiated with maintenance dosing without a loading dose.

Consider interruption or reduction in LANOXIN dose prior to electrical cardioversion [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

Use digoxin solution to obtain the appropriate dose in infants, young pediatric patients, or patients with very low body weight.

2.2 Loading Dosing Regimen in Adults and Pediatric Patients

For adults and pediatric patients if a loading dosage is to be given, administer half the total loading dose initially, then ¼ the loading dose every 6-8 hours twice, with careful assessment of clinical response and toxicity before each dose. The recommended loading dose is displayed in Table 1.
Table 1. Recommended LANOXIN Oral Loading Dose mcg = microgram
Age

     Total Oral Loading Dose (mcg/kg)

Administer half the total loading dose initially, then ¼ the loading dose every 6 to 8 hours twice

5 to 10 years

20-45

Adults and pediatric patients over 10 years

10-15

2.3 Maintenance Dosing in Adults and Pediatric Patients Over 10 Years Old

The maintenance dose is based on lean body weight, renal function, age, and concomitant products [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

The recommended starting maintenance dose in adults and pediatric patients over 10 years old with normal renal function is given in Table 2. Doses may be increased every 2 weeks according to clinical response, serum drug levels, and toxicity.
Table 2. Recommended Starting LANOXIN Maintenance Dosage in Adults and Pediatric Patients Over 10 Years Old mcg = microgram
Age

     Total Oral Maintenance Dose, mcg/kg/day      (given once daily)

Adults and pediatric patients over 10 years

3.4-5.1

Table 3 provides the recommended (once daily) maintenance dose for adults and pediatric patients over 10 years old (to be given once daily) according to lean body weight and renal function. The doses are based on studies in adult patients with heart failure. Alternatively, the maintenance dose may be estimated by the following formula (peak body stores lost each day through elimination):

Total Maintenance Dose = Loading Dose (i.e., Peak Body Stores) x % Daily Loss/100(% Daily Loss = 14 + Creatinine clearance/5)

Reduce the dose of LANOXIN in patients whose lean weight is an abnormally small fraction of their total body mass because of obesity or edema.
Table 3. Recommended Maintenance Dose (in micrograms given once daily) of LANOXIN in Pediatric Patients Over 10 Years Old and Adults by Lean Body Weight and by Renal Functiona a  Doses are rounded to the nearest dose possible using whole LANOXIN tablets. Recommended doses approximately 30 percent lower than the calculated dose are designated with an *. Monitor digoxin levels in patients receiving these initial doses and increase dose if needed.bFor adults, creatinine clearance was corrected to 70-kg body weight or 1.73 m2 body surface area. If only serum creatinine concentrations (Scr) are available, a corrected Ccr may be estimated in men as (140 – Age)/Scr. For women, this result should be multiplied by 0.85.For pediatric patients, the modified Schwartz equation may be used. The formula is based on height in cm and Scr in mg/dL where k is a constant. Ccr is corrected to 1.73 m2 body surface area. During the first year of life, the value of k is 0.33 for pre-term babies and 0.45 for term infants. The k is 0.55 for pediatric patients and adolescent girls and 0.7 for adolescent boys.GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) = (k x Height)/Scrc  If no loading dose administered.d  The doses listed assume average body composition.
Corrected Creatinine Clearanceb

Lean Body Weightd

Number of Days Before Steady State Achievedc

kg

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

10 mL/min

62.5*

125

125

187.5

187.5

187.5

250

19

20 mL/min

125

125

125

187.5

187.5

250

250

16

30 mL/min

125

125

187.5

187.5

250

250

312.5

14

40 mL/min

125

187.5

187.5

250

250

312.5

312.5

13

50 mL/min

125

187.5

187.5

250

250

312.5

312.5

12

60 mL/min

125

187.5

250

250

312.5

312.5

375

11

70 mL/min

187.5

187.5

250

250

312.5

375

375

10

80 mL/min

187.5

187.5

250

312.5

312.5

375

437.5

9

90 mL/min

187.5

250

250

312.5

375

437.5

437.5

8

100 mL/min

187.5

250

312.5

312.5

375

437.5

500

7

2.4 Maintenance Dosing in Pediatric Patients Less Than 10 Years Old

The starting maintenance dose for heart failure in pediatric patients less than 10 years old is based on lean body weight, renal function, age, and concomitant products [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. The recommended starting maintenance dose for pediatric patients between 5 years and 10 years old is given in Table 4. These recommendations assume the presence of normal renal function.
Table 4. Recommended Starting LANOXIN Oral Maintenance Dosage in Pediatric Patients between 5 and 10 Years Old
Age

Oral Maintenance Dose, mcg/kg/dose

5 years to 10 years

3.2-6.4   Twice daily

Table 5 provides average daily maintenance dose requirements for pediatric patients between 5 and 10 years old (to be given twice daily) with heart failure based on age, lean body weight, and renal function.
Table 5. Recommended Maintenance Dose (in micrograms given TWICE daily) of LANOXIN in Pediatric Patients between 5 and 10 Years of Agea Based upon Lean Body Weight and Renal Functiona,b a  Recommended are doses to be given twice daily.b  The doses are rounded to the nearest dose possible using whole LANOXIN tablets. Recommended doses approximately 30 percent lower than the calculated dose are designated with an *. Monitor digoxin levels in patients receiving these initial doses and increase dose if needed.c  The modified Schwartz equation may be used to estimate creatinine clearance. See footnote b under Table 3.d  If no loading dose administered.
CorrectedCreatinineClearancec

Lean Body Weight

Number of DaysBefore SteadyState Achievedd

kg

20

30

40

50

60

10 mL/min

-

62.5

62.5*

125

125

19

20 mL/min

62.5

62.5

125

125

125

16

30 mL/min

62.5

62.5*

125

125

187.5

14

40 mL/min

62.5

62.5*

125

187.5

187.5

13

50 mL/min

62.5

125

125

187.5

187.5

12

60 mL/min

62.5

125

125

187.5

250

11

70 mL/min

62.5

125

187.5

187.5

250

10

80 mL/min

62.5*

125

187.5

187.5

250

9

90 mL/min

62.5*

125

187.5

250

250

8

100 mL/min

62.5*

125

187.5

250

312.5

7

2.5 Monitoring to Assess Safety, Efficacy, and Therapeutic Blood Levels

Monitor for signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity and clinical response. Adjust dose based on toxicity, efficacy, and blood levels.

Serum digoxin levels less than 0.5 ng/mL have been associated with diminished efficacy, while levels above 2 ng/mL have been associated with increased toxicity without increased benefit.

Interpret the serum digoxin concentration in the overall clinical context, and do not use an isolated measurement of serum digoxin concentration as the basis for increasing or decreasing the LANOXIN dose. Serum digoxin concentrations may be falsely elevated by endogenous digoxin-like substances [see Drug Interactions (7.4)]. If the assay is sensitive to these substances, consider obtaining a baseline digoxin level before starting LANOXIN and correct post-treatment values by the reported baseline level.

Obtain serum digoxin concentrations just before the next scheduled LANOXIN dose or at least 6 hours after the last dose. The digoxin concentration is likely to be 10-25% lower when sampled right before the next dose (24 hours after dosing) compared to sampling 8 hours after dosing (using once-daily dosing). However, there will be only minor differences in digoxin concentrations using twice daily dosing whether sampling is done at 8 or 12 hours after a dose.

2.6 Switching from Intravenous Digoxin to Oral Digoxin

When switching from intravenous to oral digoxin formulations, make allowances for differences in bioavailability when calculating maintenance dosages (see Table 6).
Table 6. Comparison of the Systemic Availability and Equivalent Doses of Oral and Intravenous LANOXIN
Absolute   Bioavailability

   Equivalent Doses (mcg)

LANOXIN Tablets

60-80%

   62.5

125

250

500

LANOXIN Intravenous Injection

100%

50

   100

   200

   400
Donnatal

Donnatal

The dosage of Donnatal® Elixir should be adjusted to the needs of the individual patient to assure symptomatic control with a minimum of adverse effects.

Donnatal® Elixir. Adults: One or two teaspoonfuls of elixir three or four times a day according to conditions and severity of symptoms.

Pediatric patients: may be dosed every 4 to 6 hours. Use a pediatric dosing device or oral syringe to measure the dose.
Starting Dosage Body weight Every 4 hours Every 6 hours 10 lb. (4.5 kg) 0.5 mL 0.75 mL 20 lb. (9.1 kg) 1 mL 1.5 mL 30 lb. (13.6 kg) 1.5 mL 2 mL 50 lb. (22.7 kg) 2.5 mL 3.75 mL 75 lb. (34 kg) 3.75 mL 5 mL 100 lb. (45.4 kg) 5 mL 7.5 mL
15706-20 Continuous Epi...

15706-20 Continuous Epidural 18g Tuohy

The dosage of Donnatal® Tablets should be adjusted to the needs of the individual patient to assure symptomatic control with a minimum of adverse effects.

Donnatal® Tablets - Adults: One or two Donnatal® Tablets three or four times a day according to condition and severity of symptoms.
Clarins Broad Spectrum ...

Clarins Broad Spectrum Spf 15 Everlasting Foundation Tint 118

2.1 General Dosing Information

Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets are to be taken orally with or without food. Swallow tablets whole. Do not crush, chew, or break tablets because this will increase the rate of clonidine release.

Due to the lack of controlled clinical trial data and differing pharmacokinetic profiles, substitution of clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets for other clonidine products on a mg-per-mg basis is not recommended [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

2.2 Dose Selection

The dose of clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets, administered either as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy to a psychostimulant, should be individualized according to the therapeutic needs and response of the patient. Dosing should be initiated with one 0.1 mg tablet at bedtime, and the daily dosage should be adjusted in increments of 0.1 mg/day at weekly intervals until the desired response is achieved. Doses should be taken twice a day, with either an equal or higher split dosage being given at bedtime (see Table 1).
Table 1 Clonidine Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets Dosing Guidance Total Daily Dose Morning Dose Bedtime Dose 0.1 mg/day 0.1 mg 0.2 mg/day 0.1 mg 0.1 mg 0.3 mg/day 0.1 mg 0.2 mg 0.4 mg/day 0.2 mg 0.2 mg
Doses of clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets higher than 0.4 mg/day were not evaluated in clinical trials for ADHD and are not recommended.

When clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets are being added-on to a psychostimulant, the dose of the psychostimulant can be adjusted depending on the patient's response to clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets.

2.3 Discontinuation

When discontinuing clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets, the total daily dose should be tapered in decrements of no more than 0.1 mg every 3 to 7 days to avoid rebound hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].

2.4 Missed Doses

If patients miss a dose of clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets, they should skip that dose and take the next dose as scheduled. Do not take more than the prescribed total daily amount of clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets in any 24-hour period.
Orapred Odt

Orapred Odt

2.1 Recommended Dosing

Dosage of Orapred ODT should be individualized according to the severity of the disease and the response of the patient. For pediatric patients, the recommended dosage should be governed by the same considerations rather than strict adherence to the ratio indicated by age or body weight.

Do not break or use partial Orapred ODT tablets. Use an appropriate formulation of prednisolone if indicated dose cannot be obtained using Orapred ODT. This may become important in the treatment of conditions that require tapering doses that cannot be adequately accommodated by Orapred ODT, e.g., tapering the dose below 10 mg.

The initial dose of Orapred ODT may vary from 10 to 60 mg (prednisolone base) per day, depending on the specific disease entity being treated. In situations of less severity, lower doses will generally suffice while in selected patients higher initial doses may be required. The initial dosage should be maintained or adjusted until a satisfactory response is noted. If after a reasonable period of time, there is a lack of satisfactory clinical response, Orapred should be discontinued and the patient placed on other appropriate therapy. IT SHOULD BE EMPHASIZED THAT DOSAGE REQUIREMENTS ARE VARIABLE AND MUST BE INDIVIDUALIZED ON THE BASIS OF THE DISEASE UNDER TREATMENT AND THE RESPONSE OF THE PATIENT. After a favorable response is noted, the proper maintenance dosage should be determined by decreasing the initial drug dosage in small decrements at appropriate time intervals until the lowest dosage that will maintain an adequate clinical response is reached. It should be kept in mind that constant monitoring is needed in regard to drug dosage. Included in the situations which may make dosage adjustments necessary are changes in clinical status secondary to remissions or exacerbations in the disease process, the patient's individual drug responsiveness, and the effect of patient exposure to stressful situations not directly related to the disease entity under treatment; in this latter situation it may be necessary to increase the dosage of Orapred ODT for a period of time consistent with the patient's condition. If after long term therapy the drug is to be stopped, it is recommended that it be withdrawn gradually rather than abruptly.

Orapred ODT are packaged in a blister. Patients should be instructed not to remove the tablet from the blister until just prior to dosing. The blister pack should then be peeled open, and the orally disintegrating tablet placed on the tongue, where tablets may be swallowed whole as any conventional tablet, or allowed to dissolve in the mouth, with or without the assistance of water. Orally disintegrating tablet dosage forms are friable and are not intended to be cut, split, or broken.

Multiple Sclerosis

In the treatment of acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, daily doses of 200 mg of prednisolone for a week followed by 80 mg every other day for one month have been shown to be effective.

Pediatric

In pediatric patients, the initial dose of Orapred may vary depending on the specific disease entity being treated. The range of initial doses is 0.14 to 2 mg/kg/day in three or four divided doses (4 to 60 mg/m2bsa/day).

Nephrotic Syndrome

The standard regimen used to treat nephrotic syndrome in pediatric patients is 60 mg/m2/day given in three divided doses for 4 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of single dose alternate-day therapy at 40 mg/m2/day.

Asthma

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) recommended dosing for systemic prednisone, prednisolone or methylprednisolone in children whose asthma is uncontrolled by inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators is 1-2 mg/kg/day in single or divided doses.

It is further recommended that short course, or "burst" therapy, be continued until a child achieves a peak expiratory flow rate of 80% of his or her personal best or symptoms resolve. This usually requires 3 to 10 days of treatment, although it can take longer. There is no evidence that tapering the dose after improvement will prevent a relapse.

2.2 Recommended Monitoring

Blood pressure, body weight, routine laboratory studies, including serum potassium and fasting blood glucose, should be obtained at regular intervals during prolonged therapy. Appropriate diagnostic studies should be performed in patients with known or suspected peptic ulcer disease and in patients at risk for reactivation of latent tuberculosis infections.

2.3 Corticosteroid Comparison Chart

For the purpose of comparison, one 10 mg Orapred ODT tablet (13.4 mg prednisolone sodium phosphate) is equivalent to the following milligram dosage of the various glucocorticoids:
Betamethasone 1.75 mg Paramethasone 4 mg Cortisone 50 mg Prednisolone 10 mg Dexamethasone 1.75 mg Prednisone 10 mg Hydrocortisone 40 mg Triamcinolone 8 mg Methylprednisolone 8 mg
These dose relationships apply only to oral or intravenous administration of these compounds. When these substances or their derivatives are injected intramuscularly or into joint spaces, their relative properties may be greatly altered.
Ulesfia

Ulesfia

     ULESFIA® Lotion is not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use.

     Using the guidelines in Table 1, apply sufficient ULESFIA® Lotion to dry hair to completely saturate the scalp and hair; leave on for 10 minutes, then thoroughly rinse off with water. Repeat application after 7 days. Avoid contact with eyes.
Table 1: ULESFIA® Lotion Usage Guideline Hair Length Amount ofULESFIA® Lotionper Application    Ounces 8 oz bottle Size Short 0-2 inches 4-6 oz ½-¾ bottle 2-4 inches 6-8 oz ¾-1 bottle Medium 4-8 inches 8-12 oz 1-1½ bottles 8-16 inches 12-24 oz 1½-3 bottles Long 16-22 inches 24-32 oz 3-4 bottles Over 22 inches 32-48 oz 4-6 bottles
Pravastatin Sodium

Pravastatin Sodium

ZONEGRAN (zonisamide) is recommended as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial seizures in adults. Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients below the age of 16 have not been established. ZONEGRAN should be administered once or twice daily, using 25 mg or 100 mg capsules. ZONEGRAN is given orally and can be taken with or without food. Capsules should be swallowed whole.

Adults over Age 16:

The prescriber should be aware that, because of the long half-life of zonisamide, up to two weeks may be required to achieve steady state levels upon reaching a stable dose or following dosage adjustment. Although the regimen described below is one that has been shown to be tolerated, the prescriber may wish to prolong the duration of treatment at the lower doses in order to fully assess the effects of zonisamide at steady state, noting that many of the side effects of zonisamide are more frequent at doses of 300 mg per day and above. Although there is some evidence of greater response at doses above 100–200 mg/day, the increase appears small and formal dose-response studies have not been conducted.

The initial dose of ZONEGRAN should be 100 mg daily. After two weeks, the dose may be increased to 200 mg/day for at least two weeks. It can be increased to 300 mg/day and 400 mg/day, with the dose stable for at least two weeks to achieve steady state at each level. Evidence from controlled trials suggests that ZONEGRAN doses of 100–600 mg/day are effective, but there is no suggestion of increasing response above 400 mg/day (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Clinical Studies subsection). There is little experience with doses greater than 600 mg/day.

Patients with Renal or Hepatic Disease:

Because zonisamide is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys, patients with renal or hepatic disease should be treated with caution, and might require slower titration and more frequent monitoring (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY and PRECAUTIONS).

Concordia Pharmaceuticals Inc.

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Concordia Pharmaceuticals Inc. Drugs