Andrx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
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Andrx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drugs
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Tamoxifen Citrate
For patients with breast cancer, the recommended daily dose is 20-40 mg. Dosages greater than 20 mg per day should be given in divided doses (morning and evening).
In three single agent adjuvant studies in women, one 10 mg tamoxifen citrate tablet was administered two (ECOG and NATO) or three (Toronto) times a day for two years. In the NSABP B-14 adjuvant study in women with node-negative breast cancer, one 10 mg tamoxifen citrate tablet was given twice a day for at least five years. Results of the B-14 study suggest that continuation of therapy beyond five years does not provide additional benefit (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY). In the EBCTCG 1995 overview, the reduction in recurrence and mortality was greater in those studies that used tamoxifen for about 5 years than in those that used tamoxifen for a shorter period of therapy. There was no indication that doses greater than 20 mg per day were more effective. Current data from clinical trials support five years of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for patients with breast cancer.
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS): The recommended dose is tamoxifen citrate tablet 20 mg daily for 5 years.
Reduction in Breast Cancer Incidence in High Risk Women: The recommended dose is tamoxifen citrate tablets 20 mg daily for 5 years. There are no data to support the use of tamoxifen other than for 5 years (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY -- Clinical Studies--Reduction in Breast Cancer Incidence in High Risk Women).
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Benazepril Hydrochloride And Hydrochlorothiazide
Benazepril is an effective treatment of hypertension in once-daily doses of 10-80 mg, while hydrochlorothiazide is effective in doses of 12.5-50 mg per day. In clinical trials of benazepril/ hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy using benazepril doses of 5-20 mg and hydrochlorothiazide doses of 6.25-25 mg, the antihypertensive effects increased with increasing dose of either component.
The side effects (see WARNINGS) of benazepril are generally rare and apparently independent of dose; those of hydrochlorothiazide are a mixture of dose-dependent phenomena (primarily hypokalemia) and dose-independent phenomena (e.g., pancreatitis), the former much more common than the latter. Therapy with any combination of benazepril and hydrochlorothiazide will be associated with both sets of dose-independent side effects, but regimens in which benazepril is combined with low doses of hydrochlorothiazide produce minimal effects on serum potassium. In clinical trials of benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide, the average change in serum potassium was near zero in subjects who received 5/6.25 mg or 20/12.5 mg, but the average subject who received 10/12.5 mg or 20/25 mg experienced a mild reduction in serum potassium, similar to that experienced by the average subject receiving the same dose of hydrochlorothiazide monotherapy.
To minimize dose-independent side effects, it is usually appropriate to begin combination therapy only after a patient has failed to achieve the desired effect with monotherapy.
Dose Titration Guided by Clinical Effect: A patient whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled with benazepril monotherapy may be switched to benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide 10/12.5 or benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide 20/12.5. Further increases of either or both components could depend on clinical response. The hydrochlorothiazide dose should generally not be increased until 2-3 weeks have elapsed. Patients whose blood pressures are adequately controlled with 25 mg of daily hydrochlorothiazide, but who experience significant potassium loss with this regimen, may achieve similar blood-pressure control without electrolyte disturbance if they are switched to benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide 5/6.25.
Replacement Therapy: The combination may be substituted for the titrated individual components.
Use in Renal Impairment: Regimens of therapy with benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide need not take account of renal function as long as the patient's creatinine clearance is >30 mL/min/1.73m2 (serum creatinine roughly ≥3 mg/dL or 265 μmol/L). In patients with more severe renal impairment, loop diuretics are preferred to thiazides, so benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide is not recommended (see WARNINGS).
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Ketoprofen Extended-release
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of ketoprofen extended-release capsules and other treatment options before deciding to use ketoprofen extended-release capsules. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see WARNINGS).
After observing the response to initial therapy with ketoprofen extended-release capsules, the dose and frequency should be adjusted to suit an individual patient's needs.
Concomitant use of ketoprofen immediate-release capsules and ketoprofen extended-release capsules is not recommended.
If minor side effects appear, they may disappear at a lower dose which may still have an adequate therapeutic effect. If well tolerated but not optimally effective, the dosage may be increased. Individual patients may show a better response to 300 mg of ketoprofen immediate-release capsules daily as compared to 200 mg, although in well-controlled clinical trials patients on 300 mg did not show greater mean effectiveness. They did, however, show an increased frequency of upper- and lower-GI distress and headaches. It is of interest that women also had an increased frequency of these adverse effects compared to men. When treating patients with 300 mg/day, the physician should observe sufficient increased clinical benefit to offset potential increased risk.
In patients with mildly impaired renal function, the maximum recommended total daily dose of ketoprofen extended-release capsules is 150 mg. In patients with a more severe renal impairment (GFR less than 25 mL/min/1.73 m2 or end-stage renal impairment), the maximum total daily dose of ketoprofen extended-release capsules should not exceed 100 mg.
In elderly patients, renal function may be reduced with apparently normal serum creatinine and/or BUN levels. Therefore, it is recommended that the initial dosage of ketoprofen extended-release capsules should be reduced for patients over 75 years of age (see “Geriatric Use”).
It is recommended that for patients with impaired liver function and serum albumin concentration less than 3.5 g/dL, the maximum initial total daily dose of ketoprofen extended-release capsules should be 100 mg. All patients with metabolic impairment, particularly those with both hypoalbuminemia and reduced renal function, may have increased levels of free (biologically active) ketoprofen and should be closely monitored. The dosage may be increased to the range recommended for the general population, if necessary, only after good individual tolerance has been ascertained.
Because hypoalbuminemia and reduced renal function both increase the fraction of free drug (biologically active form), patients who have both conditions may be at greater risk of adverse effects. Therefore, it is recommended that such patients also be started on lower doses of ketoprofen extended-release capsules and closely monitored.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis
The recommended starting dose of extended-release ketoprofen in otherwise healthy patients is 200 mg administered once a day. A small dose should be utilized initially in small individuals, in debilitated or elderly patients. The recommended maximum daily dose of ketoprofen extended-release capsule is 200 mg.
Dosage higher than 200 mg/day for ketoprofen extended-release capsules is not recommended because it has not been studied. Relatively smaller people may need smaller doses.
As with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the predominant adverse effects of ketoprofen are gastrointestinal. To attempt to minimize these effects, physicians may wish to prescribe that ketoprofen extended-release capsules be taken with antacids, food, or milk. Although food delays the absorption of both formulations (see “CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY”), in most of the clinical trials ketoprofen was taken with food or milk.
Physicians may want to make specific recommendations to patients about when they should take ketoprofen extended-release capsules in relation to food and/or what patients should do if they experience minor GI symptoms associated with either formulation.
Ketroprofen extended-release capsules are not recommended for use in treating acute pain because of its extended-release characteristics.
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Hydrocodone Bitartrate And Acetaminophen
Dosage should be adjusted according to the severity of the pain and the response of the patient. However, it should be kept in mind that tolerance to hydrocodone can develop with continued use and that the incidence of untoward effects is dose related.
The usual adult dosage is one or two tablets every four to six hours as needed for pain. The total daily dosage should not exceed 8 tablets.
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Hydrocodone Bitartrate And Acetaminophen
Dosage should be adjusted according to the severity of the pain and the response of the patient. However, it should be kept in mind that tolerance to hydrocodone can develop with continued use and that the incidence of untoward effects is dose related.
The usual adult dosage is one tablet every four to six hours as needed for pain. The total daily dosage should not exceed 5 tablets.
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Acetaminophen And Codeine Phosphate
Dosage should be adjusted according to severity of pain and response of the patient.
The usual adult dosage is:
Single Doses (range) Maximum 24 Hour Dose Codeine Phosphate 15 mg to 60mg 360 mg Acetaminophen 300 mg to 1000 mg 4000 mgThe usual dose of codeine phosphate in children is 0.5 mg/kg.
Doses may be repeated up to every 4 hours.
The prescriber must determine the number of tablets per dose, and the maximum number of tablets per 24 hours based upon the above dosage guidance. This information should be conveyed in the prescription.
It should be kept in mind, however, that tolerance to codeine can develop with continued use and that the incidence of untoward effects is dose related. Adult doses of codeine higher than 60 mg fail to give commensurate relief of pain but merely prolong analgesia and are associated with an appreciably increased incidence of undesirable side effects. Equivalently high doses in children would have similar effects.
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Propoxyphene Napsylate And Acetominophen
This product is given orally. The usual dosage is one tablet, 100 mg propoxyphene napsylate and 500 mg acetaminophen, every 4 hours as needed for pain, not to exceed 6 tablets in 24 hours. The maximum recommended dose of propoxyphene napsylate is 600 mg per day.
Consideration should be given to a reduced total daily dosage in patients with hepatic or renal impairment.
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Fosinopril Sodium
Hypertension
Adults
The recommended initial dose of fosinopril sodium is 10 mg once a day, both as monotherapy and when the drug is added to a diuretic. Dosage should then be adjusted according to blood pressure response at peak (2-6 hours) and trough (about 24 hours after dosing) blood levels. The usual dosage range needed to maintain a response at trough is 20-40 mg but some patients appear to have a further response to 80 mg. In some patients treated with once daily dosing, the antihypertensive effect may diminish toward the end of the dosing interval. If trough response is inadequate, dividing the daily dose should be considered. If blood pressure is not adequately controlled with fosinopril sodium alone, a diuretic may be added.
Concomitant administration of fosinopril sodium with potassium supplements, potassium salt substitutes, or potassium-sparing diuretics can lead to increases of serum potassium (see PRECAUTIONS).
In patients who are currently being treated with a diuretic, symptomatic hypotension occasionally can occur following the initial dose of fosinopril sodium. To reduce the likelihood of hypotension, the diuretic should, if possible, be discontinued two to three days prior to beginning therapy with fosinopril sodium (see WARNINGS). Then, if blood pressure is not controlled with fosinopril sodium alone, diuretic therapy should be resumed. If diuretic therapy cannot be discontinued, an initial dose of 10 mg of fosinopril sodium should be used with careful medical supervision for several hours and until blood pressure has stabilized. (See WARNINGS; PRECAUTIONS: Information for Patients and Drug Interactions).
Since concomitant administration of fosinopril sodium with potassium supplements, or potassium-containing salt substitutes or potassium-sparing diuretics may lead to increases in serum potassium, they should be used with caution (see PRECAUTIONS).
Pediatric Patients
Information related to the dosing of fosinopril sodium in the treatment of hypertension in pediatric patients weighing more than 50 kg is available in the approved labeling for Bristol-Myers Squibb Company's fosinopril sodium drug products. However, due to Bristol-Myers Squibb's marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product, produced by Andrx Pharmaceuticals, is not labeled for pediatric use.
Heart Failure
Digitalis is not required for fosinopril sodium to manifest improvements in exercise tolerance and symptoms. Most placebo-controlled clinical trial experience has been with both digitalis and diuretics present as background therapy.
The usual starting dose of fosinopril sodium should be 10 mg once daily. Following the initial dose of fosinopril sodium, the patient should be observed under medical supervision for at least two hours for the presence of hypotension or orthostasis and, if present, until blood pressure stabilizes. An initial dose of 5 mg is preferred in heart failure patients with moderate to severe renal failure or those who have been vigorously diuresed.
Dosage should be increased, over a several week period, to a dose that is maximal and tolerated but not exceeding 40 mg once daily. The usual effective dosage range is 20 to 40 mg once daily.
The appearance of hypotension, orthostasis, or azotemia early in dose titration should not preclude further careful dose titration. Consideration should be given to reducing the dose of concomitant diuretic.
For Hypertensive or Heart Failure Patients With Renal Impairment: In patients with impaired renal function, the total body clearance of fosinoprilat is approximately 50% slower than in patients with normal renal function. Since hepatobiliary elimination partially compensates for diminished renal elimination, the total body clearance of fosinoprilat does not differ appreciably with any degree of renal insufficiency (creatinine clearances <80 mL/min/1.73m2), including end-stage renal failure (creatinine clearance <10 mL/min/1.73m2). This relative constancy of body clearance of active fosinoprilat, resulting from the dual route of elimination, permits use of the usual dose in patients with any degree of renal impairment. (See WARNINGS: Anaphylactoid reactions during membrane exposure and PRECAUTIONS: Hemodialysis.)
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Propoxyphene Napsylate And Acetominophen
These products are given orally. The usual dosage is 100 mg propoxyphene napsylate and 650 mg acetaminophen every 4 hours as needed for pain. The maximum recommended dose of propoxyphene napsylate is 600 mg per day.
Consideration should be given to a reduced total daily dosage in patients with hepatic or renal impairment.
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Fosinopril Sodium And Hydrochlorothiazide
Fosinopril is an effective treatment of hypertension in once-daily doses of 10–80 mg, while hydrochlorothiazide is effective in doses of 12.5–50 mg per day. In clinical trials of fosinopril/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy using fosinopril doses of 2.5–40 mg and hydrochlorothiazide doses at 5–37.5 mg, the anti-hypertensive effects increased with increasing dose of either component.
The hazards (see WARNINGS) of fosinopril are generally rare and apparently independent of dose; those of hydrochlorothiazide are a mixture of dose-dependent phenomena (primarily hypokalemia) and dose-independent phenomena (e.g., pancreatitis), the former much more common than the latter. Therapy with any combination of fosinopril and hydrochlorothiazide will be associated with both sets of dose-independent hazards. To minimize dose-independent hazards, it is usually appropriate to begin combination therapy only after a patient has failed to achieve the desired effect with monotherapy.
Dose Titration by Clinical Effect: A patient whose blood pressure is not adequately controlled with fosinopril or hydrochlorothiazide monotherapy may be switched to combination therapy with fosinopril sodium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets. Dosage must be guided by clinical response; controlled clinical trials showed that the addition of 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide to 10–20 mg of fosinopril will typically be associated with additional reduction in seated diastolic blood pressure at 24 hours after dosing. On average, the effect of the combination of 10 mg of fosinopril with 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide was similar to the effect seen with monotherapy using either 40 mg of fosinopril or 37.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide.
Use in Renal Impairment: In patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance is < 30 mL/min/1.73m2, serum creatine roughly ≥3 mg/dL or 265 μmol/L), loop diuretics are preferred to thiazides, so fosinopril sodium and hydrochlorothiazide are not recommended. In patients with lesser degrees of renal impairment, fosinopril sodium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets may be used with no change in dosage.
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