U.s. Army Medical Research And Development Command (mcmr-rcq-hr)

U.s. Army Medical Research And Development Command (mcmr-rcq-hr) Drugs

• Diazepam
  

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  Diazepam

  

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  Administration of the Diazepam Autoinjector

  Pull off gray safety cap Place Black end on mid outer thigh Push hard until injector functions Withdraw after 10 seconds

  Dosage:

  Caution: Because the autoinjector automatically delivers a fixed dose of 10 mg of diazepam, it cannot be used in situations requiring lower total doses or those in which small incremental increases of diazepam are required.

  The usual recommended dose in older children and adults ranges from 10 mg to 20 mg I.M. depending on the indication and its severity. The cumulative total dose and individual maximum dose for intramuscular administration will vary with the specific indication (See dosage for specific indications).

  Intramuscular: When instructions are followed properly the Diazepam Autoinjector injects deeply into the muscle.

  Intravenous Use: The Diazepam Autoinjector is not designed or intended for intravenous use.

  Severe Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms of Anxiety:

  Usual Adult Dosage: 10 mg, I. M. Repeat in 3 to 4 hours, if necessary.

  Acute Alcohol Withdrawal: As an aid in symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, impending or acute delirium tremens and hallucinosis.

  Usual Adult Dosage: 10 mg, I. M. initially, then 10 mg in 3 to 4 hours, if necessary.

  Endoscopic procedures: Adjunctively, if apprehension, anxiety or acute stress reactions are present prior to endoscopic procedures. Dosage of narcotics should be reduced by at least a third and in some cases may be omitted. See Precautions for peroral procedures.

  Usual Adult Dosage: 10 mg I. M., approximately 30 minutes prior to the procedure.

  Muscle Spasm: Associated with local pathology, cerebral palsy, athetosis, stiff-man syndrome or tetanus.

  Usual Adult Dosage: 10 mg, I. M., initially, then 10 mg in 3 to 4 hours, if necessary. For tetanus, larger doses may be required.

  Status Epilepticus and Severe Recurrent Convulsive Seizures: In the convulsing patient, the I.V. route is preferred. However, if conditions preclude intravenous administration, the I.M. route may be used.

  Usual Adult Dosage: 10 mg, initially. This injection may be repeated if necessary at 10 to 15 minute intervals up to a maximum dose of 30 mg. If necessary, therapy with diazepam may be repeated in 2 to 4 hours; however, residual active metabolites may persist, and re-administration should be made with this consideration.

  Extreme caution must be exercised with individuals with chronic lung disease or unstable cardiovascular status.

  Preoperative Medication: To relieve anxiety and tension. (if atropine, scopolamine or other premedications are desired, they must be administered in separate syringes).

  Usual Adult Dosage: 10 mg, I.M. (preferred route), before surgery.

  General:

  Once the acute symptomatology has been properly controlled with diazepam injection, the patient may be placed on oral therapy with diazepam if further treatment is required.

  Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever the solution and container permit.

  Management of Overdosage:

  Manifestations of diazepam overdosage include somnolence, confusion, coma and diminished reflexes. Respiration, pulse and blood pressure should be monitored as in all cases of drug overdosage, although, in general, these effects have been minimal. General supportive measures should be employed, along with intravenous fluids, and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension may be combated by the use of norepinephrine or metaraminol. Dialysis is of limited value.

  Flumazenil, a specific benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, is indicated for the complete or partial reversal of the sedative effects of benzodiazapine and may be used in situations when an overdose with a benzodiazepine is known or suspected. Prior to the administration of flumazenil, necessary measures should be instituted to secure airways, ventilation, and intravenous access. Flumazenil is intended as an adjunct to, not as a substitute for, proper management of benzodiazepine overdose. Patients treated with flumazenil should be monitored for resedation, respiratory depression, and other residual benzodiazepine effects for an appropriate period after treatment. The prescriber should be aware of a risk of seizure in association with flumazenil treatment, particularly in long term benzodiazepine users and in cyclic antidepressant overdosage. The complete flumazenil package insert including CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS, and PRECAUTIONS should be consulted prior to use.

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