Aerrane
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Questions & Answers
Side Effects & Adverse Reactions
Increasing depth of anesthesia with AERRANE (isoflurane, USP) may increase hypotension and respiratory depression. The electroencephalographic pattern associated with deep anesthesia is characterized by burst suppression, spiking, and isoelectric periods.4
Since levels of anesthesia may be altered easily and rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable percentage concentrations of isoflurane should be used (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Legal Issues
There is currently no legal information available for this drug.
FDA Safety Alerts
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Manufacturer Warnings
There is currently no manufacturer warning information available for this drug.
FDA Labeling Changes
There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.
Uses
AERRANE (isoflurane, USP) is used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in horses and dogs.
History
There is currently no drug history available for this drug.
Other Information
AERRANE (isoflurane, USP) is a nonflammable, nonexplosive general inhalation anesthetic agent. Its chemical name is 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether, and its structural formula is:
Each mL contains 99.9% isoflurane.
Some physical constants are:
| Molecular weight |
|
184.5 |
| Boiling point at 760 mmHg |
|
48.5°C (uncorr.) |
| Refractive i n d e x n 20/D | |
1.2990-1.3005 |
| Specific gravity 25°/25°C |
|
1.496 |
| Vapor pressure in mmHg** | |
20°C 238 |
| |
|
25°C 295 |
| |
|
30°C 367 |
| |
|
35°C 450 |
log 10P vap = A + B/T
where: A = 8.056
B = -1664.58
T = °C + 273.16 (Kelvin)
Partition coefficients at 37°C
| Water/gas |
0.61 |
| Blood/gas |
1.43 |
| Oil/gas |
90.8 |
| Partition coefficients at 25°C - rubber and plastic |
|
| Conductive rubber/gas |
62.0 |
| Butyl rubber/gas |
75.0 |
| Polyvinyl chloride/gas |
110.0 |
| Polyethylene/gas |
~2.0 |
| Polyurethane/gas |
~1.4 |
| Polyolefin/gas |
~1.1 |
| Butyl acetate/gas |
~2.5 |
| Purity by gas chromatography |
>99.9% |
| Lower limit of flammability in oxygen or nitrous oxide at 9 joules/sec. and 23°C |
None |
| Lower limit of flammability in oxygen or nitrous oxide at 900 joules/sec. and 23°C |
Greater than useful concentration in anesthesia. |
MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration) is 1.31% in horses1 and 1.28 in dogs6.
Isoflurane is a clear, colorless, stable liquid containing no additives or chemical stabilizers. Isoflurane has a mildly pungent, musty, ethereal odor. Samples stored in indirect sunlight in clear, colorless glass for five years, as well as samples directly exposed for 30 hours to a 2 amp, 115 volt, 60 cycle long wave U.V. light were unchanged in composition as determined by gas chromatography. Isoflurane in one normal sodium methoxide-methanol solution, a strong base, for over six months consumed essentially no alkali, indicative of strong base stability. Isoflurane does not decompose in the presence of soda lime (at normal operating temperatures), and does not attack aluminum, tin, brass, iron or copper.
Sources
Aerrane Manufacturers
-
Baxter Healthcare Corporation
![Aerrane (Isoflurane) Inhalant [Baxter Healthcare Corporation]](/wp-content/themes/bootstrap/assets/img/loading2.gif)
Aerrane | Baxter Healthcare Corporation
Caution: Operating rooms should be provided with adequate ventilation to prevent the accumulation of anesthetic vapors.
Premedication: A premedication regimen, which may be employed depending upon the patient status, to avert excitement during induction, might include an anticholinergic, a tranquilizer, a muscle relaxant, and a short-acting barbiturate.
Inspired Concentration: The delivered concentration of AERRANE (isoflurane, USP) should be known. Isoflurane may be vaporized using a flow-through vaporizer specifically calibrated for isoflurane. Vaporizers delivering a saturated vapor which then is diluted (e.g., Vernitrol® Vaporizer) also may be used. The delivered concentration from such a vaporizer may be calculated using the formula:Isoflurane contains no stabilizer. Nothing in the drug product alters calibration or operation of these vaporizers.
Induction:
Horses: Inspired concentrations of 3.0 to 5.0% isoflurane alone with oxygen following a barbiturate anesthetic induction are usually employed to induce surgical anesthesia
in the horse.
Dogs: Inspired concentrations of 2.0 to 2.5% isoflurane alone with oxygen following a barbiturate anesthetic induction are usually employed to induce surgical anesthesia in the dog.
These concentrations can be expected to produce surgical anesthesia in 5 to 10 minutes.Maintenance: The concentration of vapor necessary to maintain anesthesia is much less than that required to induce it.
Horses: Surgical levels of anesthesia in the horse may be sustained with a 1.5 to 1.8% concentration of isoflurane in oxygen.
Dogs: Surgical levels of anesthesia in the dog may be sustained with a 1.5 to 1.8% concentration of isoflurane in oxygen.
The level of blood pressure during maintenance is an inverse function of isoflurane concentration in the absence of other complicating problems. Excessive decreases, unless related to hypovolemia, may be due to depth of anesthesia and in such instances may be corrected by lightening the level of anesthesia. Recovery from isoflurane anesthesia is typically uneventful. 2
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