Amlodipine Besylate And Atorvastatin Calcium

Amlodipine Besylate And Atorvastatin Calcium

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Questions & Answers

Side Effects & Adverse Reactions

Skeletal Muscle

Rare cases of rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria have been reported with the atorvastatin component of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets and with other statins. A history of renal impairment may be a risk factor for the development of rhabdomyolysis. Such patients merit closer monitoring for skeletal muscle effects.

The atorvastatin component of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets, like other statins, occasionally causes myopathy, defined as muscle aches or muscle weakness in conjunction with increases in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values >10 times ULN. The concomitant use of higher doses of atorvastatin with certain drugs such as cyclosporine and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., clarithromycin, itraconazole and HIV protease inhibitors) increases the risk of myopathy/rhabdomyolysis.

Myopathy should be considered in any patient with diffuse myalgias, muscle tenderness or weakness, or marked elevation of CPK. Patients should be advised to report promptly unexplained muscle pain, tenderness or weakness, particularly if accompanied by malaise or fever. Amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets therapy should be discontinued if markedly elevated CPK levels occur or myopathy is diagnosed or suspected.

The risk of myopathy during treatment with statins is increased with concurrent administration of cyclosporine, fibric acid derivatives, erythromycin, clarithromycin, combination of ritonavir plus saquinavir or lopinavir plus ritonavir, niacin, or azole antifungals. Physicians considering combined therapy with amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets and fibric acid derivatives, erythromycin, clarithromycin, a combination of ritonavir plus saquinavir or lopinavir plus ritonavir, immunosuppressive drugs, azole antifungals, or lipid-modifying doses of niacin should carefully weigh the potential benefits and risks and should carefully monitor patients for any signs or symptoms of muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, particularly during the initial months of therapy and during any periods of upward dosage titration of either drug. Lower starting and maintenance doses of atorvastatin should be considered when taken concomitantly with the aforementioned drugs (see PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions). Periodic creatine phosphokinase (CPK) determinations may be considered in such situations, but there is no assurance that such monitoring will prevent the occurrence of severe myopathy.

Prescribing recommendations for atorvastatin, a component of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets, and interacting agents are summarized in Table 12 (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions, and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY).

TABLE 12 Atorvastatin Drug Interactions Associated with Increased Risk of Myopathy/Rhabdomyolysis
Interacting Agents Prescribing Recommendations
Cyclosporine
Do not exceed 10 mg atorvastatin daily
Clarithromycin, Itraconazole, HIV protease inhibitors (ritonavir plus saquinavir or lopinavir plus ritonavir,) Caution when exceeding doses > 20mg atorvastatin daily. The lowest dose necessary should be used.

In patients taking amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets, therapy should be temporarily withheld or discontinued in any patient with an acute, serious condition suggestive of a myopathy or having a risk factor predisposing to the development of renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis (e.g., severe acute infection, hypotension, major surgery, trauma, severe metabolic, endocrine and electrolyte disorders, and uncontrolled seizures).

Liver Dysfunction

Statins, like the atorvastatin component of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets and like some other lipid-lowering therapies, have been associated with biochemical abnormalities of liver function. Persistent elevations (>3 times the upper limit of normal [ULN] occurring on 2 or more occasions) in serum transaminases occurred in 0.7% of patients who received atorvastatin in clinical trials. The incidence of these abnormalities was 0.2%, 0.2%, 0.6%, and 2.3% for 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg, respectively.

In clinical trials in patients taking the atorvastatin component of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets, the following has been observed. One patient in clinical trials developed jaundice. Increases in liver function tests (LFT) in other patients were not associated with jaundice or other clinical signs or symptoms. Upon dose reduction, drug interruption, or discontinuation, transaminase levels returned to or near pretreatment levels without sequelae. Eighteen of 30 patients, with persistent LFT elevations continued treatment with a reduced dose of atorvastatin.

It is recommended that liver function tests be performed prior to and at 12 weeks following both the initiation of therapy and any elevation of dose, and periodically (e.g., semiannually) thereafter. Liver enzyme changes generally occur in the first 3 months of treatment with the atorvastatin component of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets. Patients who develop increased transaminase levels should be monitored until the abnormalities resolve. Should an increase in ALT or AST of >3 times ULN persist, reduction of dose or withdrawal of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets is recommended.

Active liver disease or unexplained persistent transaminase elevations are contraindications to the use of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).

Increased Angina and/or Myocardial Infarction

Worsening angina and acute myocardial infarction can develop after starting or increasing the dose of amlodipine, particularly in patients with severe obstructive coronary artery disease.

Legal Issues

There is currently no legal information available for this drug.

FDA Safety Alerts

There are currently no FDA safety alerts available for this drug.

Manufacturer Warnings

There is currently no manufacturer warning information available for this drug.

FDA Labeling Changes

There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.

Uses

Amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets are indicated in patients for whom treatment with both amlodipine and atorvastatin is appropriate.

Amlodipine
1.
Hypertension : Amlodipine is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents;
2.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Chronic Stable Angina: Amlodipine is indicated for the treatment of chronic stable angina. Amlodipine may be used alone or in combination with other antianginal or antihypertensive agents;
Vasospastic Angina (Prinzmetal's or Variant Angina): Amlodipine is indicated for the treatment of confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. Amlodipine may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antianginal drugs.
Angiographically Documented CAD: In patients with recently documented CAD by angiography and without heart failure or an ejection fraction <40%, amlodipine is indicated to reduce the risk of hospitalization due to angina and to reduce the risk of a coronary revascularization procedure.

AND

Atorvastatin

Therapy with lipid-altering agents should be only one component of multiple risk factor intervention in individuals at significantly increased risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease due to hypercholesterolemia. Drug therapy is recommended as an adjunct to diet when the response to a diet restricted in saturated fat and cholesterol and other nonpharmacologic measures alone has been inadequate. In patients with CHD or multiple risk factors for CHD, the atorvastatin component of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets can be started simultaneously with diet restriction.

1.
Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease:
In adult patients without clinically evident coronary heart disease, but with multiple risk factors for coronary heart disease such as age, smoking, hypertension, low HDL-C, or a family history of early coronary heart disease, atorvastatin is indicated to:
  • Reduce the risk of myocardial infarction
  • Reduce the risk of stroke
  • Reduce the risk for revascularization procedures and angina

In patients with type 2 diabetes, and without clinically evident coronary heart disease, but with multiple risk factors for coronary heart disease such as retinopathy, albuminuria, smoking, or hypertension, atorvastatin calcium tablets are indicated to:
  • Reduce the risk of myocardial infarction
  • Reduce the risk of stroke;

In patients with clinically evident coronary heart disease, atorvastatin calcium tablets are indicated to:
  • Reduce the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction
  • Reduce the risk of fatal and non-fatal stroke
  • Reduce the risk for revascularization procedures
  • Reduce the risk of hospitalization for CHF
  • Reduce the risk of angina
2.
Heterozygous Familial and Nonfamilial Hyperlipidemia : Atorvastatin is indicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce elevated total-C, LDL-C, apo B, and TG levels and to increase HDL-C in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia (heterozygous familial and nonfamilial) and mixed dyslipidemia ( Fredrickson Types IIa and IIb);
3.
Elevated Serum TG Levels : Atorvastatin is indicated as an adjunct to diet for the treatment of patients with elevated serum TG levels ( Fredrickson Type IV);
4.
Primary Dysbetalipoproteinemia : Atorvastatin is indicated for the treatment of patients with primary dysbetalipoproteinemia ( Fredrickson Type III) who do not respond adequately to diet;
5.
Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia : Atorvastatin is indicated to reduce total-C and LDL-C in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia as an adjunct to other lipid-lowering treatments (e.g., LDL apheresis) or if such treatments are unavailable;
6.
Pediatric Patients : Atorvastatin is indicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce total-C, LDL-C, and apo B levels in boys and postmenarchal girls, 10 to 17 years of age, with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia if after an adequate trial of diet therapy the following findings are present:
a.
LDL-C remains ≥ 190 mg/dL or
b.
LDL-C remains ≥ 160 mg/dL and:
  • there is a positive family history of premature cardiovascular disease or
  • two or more other CVD risk factors are present in the pediatric patients.

The antidyslipidemic component of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets has not been studied in conditions where the major lipoprotein abnormality is elevation of chylomicrons (Fredrickson Types I and V).

History

There is currently no drug history available for this drug.

Other Information

Amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets combine the calcium channel blocker amlodipine besylate with the lipid-lowering agent atorvastatin calcium.

The amlodipine besylate component of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets is chemically described as 3-ethyl-5-methyl (±)-2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate, monobenzenesulphonate. Its empirical formula is C20H25ClN2O5•C6H6O3S.

The atorvastatin calcium component of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets is chemically described as [R-(R*, R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-ß, δ-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1) trihydrate. Its empirical formula is (C33H34 FN2O5)2Ca•3H2O.

The structural formulae for amlodipine besylate and atorvastatin calcium are shown below.

Chemical Structure Chemical Structure
Amlodipine besylate Atorvastatin calcium

Amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets contain amlodipine besylate, a white to off-white crystalline powder, and atorvastatin calcium, also a white to off-white crystalline powder. Amlodipine besylate has a molecular weight of 567.1 and atorvastatin calcium has a molecular weight of 1209.42. Amlodipine besylate is slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in ethanol. Atorvastatin calcium is insoluble in aqueous solutions of pH 4 and below. Atorvastatin calcium is very slightly soluble in distilled water, pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, and acetonitrile; slightly soluble in ethanol, and freely soluble in methanol.

Amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium tablets are formulated for oral administration in the following strength combinations:

Table 1. Amlodipine Besylate/Atorvastatin Calcium Tablet Strengths
2.5 mg/ 10mg 2.5 mg/ 20mg 2.5 mg/ 40mg 5 mg/10 mg 5 mg/20 mg 5 mg/40 mg 5 mg/80 mg 10 mg/ 10 mg 10 mg/
20 mg
10 mg/
40 mg
10 mg/
80 mg
amlodipine equivalent (mg) 2.5 2.5 2.5 5 5 5 5 10 10 10 10
atorvastatin equivalent (mg) 10 20 40 10 20 40 80 10 20 40 80

Each tablet also contains calcium carbonate, croscarmellose sodium, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch, polysorbate 80, hydroxypropyl cellulose, purified water, colloidal silicon dioxide (anhydrous), magnesium stearate, Opadry® II White 85F28751 (polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, PEG 3000 and talc) or Opadry® II Blue 85F10919 (polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, PEG 3000, talc and FD&C blue #2). Combinations of atorvastatin with 2.5 mg and 5 mg amlodipine are film coated white, and combinations of atorvastatin with 10 mg amlodipine are film coated blue.

Amlodipine Besylate And Atorvastatin Calcium Manufacturers


  • Physicians Total Care, Inc.
    Amlodipine Besylate And Atorvastatin Calcium Tablet, Film Coated [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]
  • Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc
    Amlodipine Besylate And Atorvastatin Calcium Tablet, Film Coated [Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc]
  • Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Inc
    Amlodipine Besylate And Atorvastatin Calcium Tablet, Film Coated [Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Inc]
  • Greenstone Llc
    Amlodipine Besylate And Atorvastatin Calcium Tablet, Film Coated [Greenstone Llc]

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