Cafcit
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Questions & Answers
Side Effects & Adverse Reactions
During the double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 6 cases of necrotizing enterocolitis developed among the 85 infants studied (caffeine=46, placebo=39), with 3 cases resulting in death. Five of the six patients with necrotizing enterocolitis were randomized to or had been exposed to CAFCIT (caffeine citrate).
Reports in the published literature have raised a question regarding the possible association between the use of methylxanthines and development of necrotizing enterocolitis, although a causal relationship between methylxanthine use and necrotizing enterocolitis has not been established. Therefore, as with all preterm infants, patients being treated with CAFCIT should be carefully monitored for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis.
Legal Issues
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FDA Safety Alerts
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Manufacturer Warnings
There is currently no manufacturer warning information available for this drug.
FDA Labeling Changes
There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.
Uses
CAFCIT (caffeine citrate) is indicated for the short-term treatment of apnea of prematurity in infants between 28 and <33 weeks gestational age.
History
There is currently no drug history available for this drug.
Other Information
Both CAFCIT® (caffeine citrate) Injection for intravenous administration and CAFCIT® (caffeine citrate) Oral Solution are clear, colorless, sterile, non-pyrogenic, preservative-free, aqueous solutions adjusted to pH 4.7. Each mL contains 20 mg caffeine citrate (equivalent to 10 mg of caffeine base) prepared in solution by the addition of 10 mg caffeine anhydrous to 5.0 mg citric acid monohydrate, 8.3 mg sodium citrate dihydrate and Water for Injection.
Caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant, is an odorless white crystalline powder or granule, with a bitter taste. It is sparingly soluble in water and ethanol at room temperature. The chemical name of caffeine is 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione. In the presence of citric acid it forms caffeine citrate salt in solution. The structural formula and molecular weight of caffeine citrate follows.
Caffeine citrate
C14H18N4O9 Mol. Wt. 386.31
Sources
Cafcit Manufacturers
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Bedford Laboratories
![Cafcit (Caffeine Citrate) Injection Cafcit (Caffeine Citrate) Solution [Bedford Laboratories]](/wp-content/themes/bootstrap/assets/img/loading2.gif)
Cafcit | Bedford Laboratories
Prior to initiation of CAFCIT (caffeine citrate), baseline serum levels of caffeine should be measured in infants previously treated with theophylline, since preterm infants metabolize theophylline to caffeine. Likewise, baseline serum levels of caffeine should be measured in infants born to mothers who consumed caffeine prior to delivery, since caffeine readily crosses the placenta.
The recommended loading dose and maintenance doses of CAFCIT follow.
Dose of CAFCIT (caffeine citrate) Volume
Dose of CAFCIT (caffeine citrate) mg/kg
Route
Frequency
Loading Dose
1 mL/kg
20 mg/kg
Intravenous* (over 30 minutes)
One Time
Maintenance Dose
0.25 mL/kg
5 mg/kg
Intravenous*
(over 10 minutes) or Orally
Every 24 hours**
*using a syringe infusion pump
**beginning 24 hours after the loading dose
NOTE THAT THE DOSE OF CAFFEINE BASE IS ONE-HALF THE DOSE WHEN EXPRESSED AS CAFFEINE CITRATE (e.g., 20 mg of caffeine citrate is equivalent to 10 mg of caffeine base).
Serum concentrations of caffeine may need to be monitored periodically throughout treatment to avoid toxicity. Serious toxicity has been associated with serum levels greater than 50 mg/L.
CAFCIT should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. Vials containing discolored solution or visible particulate matter should be discarded.
Drug Compatibility
To test for drug compatibility with common intravenous solutions or medications, 20 mL of CAFCIT (caffeine citrate) Injection were combined with 20 mL of a solution or medication, with the exception of an Intralipid® admixture, which was combined as 80 mL/80 mL. The physical appearance of the combined solutions was evaluated for precipitation. The admixtures were mixed for 10 minutes and then assayed for caffeine. The admixtures were then continually mixed for 24 hours, with further sampling for caffeine assays at 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours.
Based on this testing, CAFCIT (caffeine citrate) Injection, 60 mg/3 mL is chemically stable for 24 hours at room temperature when combined with the following test products.
• Dextrose Injection, USP 5%
• 50% Dextrose Injection USP
• Intralipid® 20% IV Fat Emulsion
• Aminosyn® 8.5% Crystalline Amino Acid Solution
• Dopamine HCI Injection, USP 40 mg/mL diluted to 0.6 mg/mL with Dextrose Injection, USP 5% • Calcium Gluconate Injection, USP 10% (0.465 mEq/Ca+2/mL)
• Heparin Sodium Injection, USP 1000 units/mL diluted to 1 unit/mL with Dextrose Injection, USP 5%
• Fentanyl Citrate Injection, USP 50 μg/mL diluted to 10 μg/mL with Dextrose Injection, USP 5%
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