Dextrose Monohydrate
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Questions & Answers
Side Effects & Adverse Reactions
Dextrose solutions I.V. can cause fluid or solute overload resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states, or pulmonary edema.
Hypertonic dextrose solutions, even when given intravenously, have a tendency to cause venous thrombosis. Proper technique for intravenous injection should therefore be employed to avoid vein damage. For example: It is suggested that a needle of the smallest practicable bore be used; that the injection be made as slowly as conditions permit; that the bevel of the inserted needle be kept as far away as possible from the wall of the vein (usually the superior vena cava or other equally large vein); blood flow in the punctured vein be increased by the application of heat to that extremity; that the solution itself be warmed to body temperature, or at least to room temperature, before use; and that the tourniquet be removed as soon as the needle is in the vein and before any solution is injected.
Dextrose-containing solutions should be used with caution in patients with subclinical or overt diabetes mellitus or carbohydrate intolerance.
Rapid administration of hypertonic solutions may produce significant hyperglycemia or hyperosmolar syndrome, especially in patients with chronic uremia or carbohydrate intolerance.
Legal Issues
There is currently no legal information available for this drug.
FDA Safety Alerts
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Manufacturer Warnings
There is currently no manufacturer warning information available for this drug.
FDA Labeling Changes
There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.
Uses
Dextrose Injection, 50%, is used in parenteral hyperalimentation. It is a hypertonic solution and, when administered intravenously, cause cellular dehydration. It has been employed to promote diuresis by increasing the osmotic pressure of the glomerular filtrate. Its hypertonic property makes it valuable in the following special clinical uses, which may be summarized as follows:
a) For its concentrated food value in patients in whom more dilute solutions are contraindicated by actual or impending edema, such as exist in surgical as well as nonsurgical patients.b) 50%: Used in the treatment of insulin hypoglycemia (hyperinsulinemia or insulin shock) to restore blood glucose levels.
For reduction of increased cerebrospinal pressure and/ or cerebral edema due to delirium tremens or acute alcoholic intoxication. Increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure may be depressed for two to four hours after intravenous injection of 50 mL of 50% dextrose solution.
History
There is currently no drug history available for this drug.
Other Information
Dextrose is α-D (+) Glucopyranose, C6H12O6, a sugar usually obtained by the hydrolysis of starch. It has the following structural formula:
Dextrose, USP, contains one molecule of water of hydration or is anhydrous.
Dextrose Injection, USP, a fluid and nutrient replenisher, is a sterile aqueous solution of dextrose and is available in the following
concentration:
50% - containing 500 mg of dextrose monohydrate per mL; osmolarity (calc.): 2500 mOsmol/ L.
This preparation is for intravenous use and contains no antimicrobial preservatives. It is intended as a single dose vial; once the unit is assembled and used, any remaining portion of the solution must be discarded with the entire unit.
Sources
Dextrose Monohydrate Manufacturers
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Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
![Dextrose Monohydrate Injection [Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ]](/wp-content/themes/bootstrap/assets/img/loading2.gif)
Dextrose Monohydrate | Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Hypertonic solutions of dextrose are for intravenous use only.
The concentration and dose depend upon the patient’s age, weight and clinical condition. Electrolytes should be added based on fluid and electrolyte status.
The maximum rate at which dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg/hour. About 95% is retained when infused at 0.8 g/kg/hour.Insulin-induced hypoglycemia: Blood glucose is determined before injecting dextrose. In emergencies, dextrose is promptly administered without waiting for pretreatment test results.
Adults: 10 to 25 g (20 to 50 mL of the 50% solution). Repeated doses may be required in severe cases. The number of injections and the interval between them must be determined in each case by clinical judgment. Slow intravenous administration is recommended, e.g. 3 mL of the 50% solution per minute. After 25 grams of dextrose have been given, it is advisable to interrupt the injection and evaluate the effect. The exact number of grams required to relieve hypoglycemia will vary. After the patient responds, supplemental oral feedings are indicated to avoid relapse, especially after insulin shock therapy.
Neonates: 250 to 500 mg/kg/dose (5 to 10 mL of 25% dextrose in a 5 kg infant) to control acute symptomatic hypoglycemia.
Severe cases or older infants: Larger or repeated single doses up to 10 to 12 mL of 25% dextrose may be required. Subsequent continuous I.V. infusion of 10% dextrose may be needed to stabilize blood glucose levels.
In the treatment of acute alcoholism, intravenous dextrose - 50 mL of the 50% solution - is used; unmodified insulin, 20 units, and thiamine hydrochloride, 100 mg, are added to the infusion.
NOTE: Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.
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International Medication Systems, Limited
Dextrose Monohydrate | Allegiant Health
• chew 2-4 tablets as symptoms occur, repeat hourly if needed Other Information • store at 59°-86°F • do not use if imprinted safety seal under cap is broken or missing • Calcium content per tablet: 200mg Supplement Facts • Serving size 2 tablets • Servings per Container: 25 • Amount Per Serving
Calories: 5
Calcium: 400mg(40%DV)
![Dextrose Monohydrate Injection [International Medication Systems, Limited ]](http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/image.cfm?setid=551d6135-2650-4c27-a20d-d56a9aba7b71&name=image-01.jpg)
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