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Uses
Guanfacine extended-release tablets are indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy to stimulant medications. The efficacy of guanfacine extended-release tabletswere studied for the treatment of ADHD in three controlled monotherapy clinical trials (up to 8 weeks in duration) and one controlled adjunctive trial with psychostimulants (8 weeks in duration) in children and adolescents ages 6 to 17 who met DSM-IV® criteria for ADHD [see Clinical Studies (14)]. The effectiveness of guanfacine extended-release tablets for longer-term use (more than 8 weeks) has not been systematically evaluated in controlled trials.
History
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Other Information
Guanfacine is a once-daily, extended-release formulation of guanfacine hydrochloride (HCl) in a matrix tablet formulation for oral administration only. The chemical designation is N-amidino-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl) acetamide monohydrochloride. The molecular formula is C9H9Cl2 N3O(HCl corresponding to a molecular weight of 282.55. The chemical structure is:
Guanfacine hydrochloride, USP is a white to off-white crystalline powder, sparingly soluble in water (approximately 1 mg/mL) and alcohol and slightly soluble in acetone. The only organic solvent in which it has relatively high solubility is methanol (greater than 30 mg/mL). Each tablet contains guanfacine hydrochloride, USP equivalent to 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, or 4 mg of guanfacine base. The tablets also contain colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, fumaric acid, glyceryl behenate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, and povidone. In addition, the 1 mg and 2 mg tablets contain FD&C Yellow #6 Aluminum Lake and the 3 mg and 4 mg tablets contain D&C Yellow #10.
Sources
Family Care Tolnaftate Manufacturers
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United Exchange Corp
Family Care Tolnaftate | Actavis Pharma, Inc.
2.1 General Instruction for UseSwallow tablets whole. Do not crush, chew, or break tablets because this will increase the rate of guanfacine release. Do not administer with high fat meals, due to increased exposure.
2.2 Dose SelectionGuanfacine extended-release tablets should be taken once daily, either in the morning or evening, at approximately same time each day. Begin at a dose of 1 mg/day, and adjust in increments of no more than 1 mg/week. Maintain the dose within the range of 1 mg to 4 mg once daily, depending on clinical response and tolerability, for both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy to a psychostimulant. Doses above 4 mg/day have not been systematically studied in controlled clinical studies [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
Clinically relevant improvements were observed beginning at doses in the range 0.05 to 0.08 mg/kg once daily in both mono- and adjunctive therapy. Efficacy increased with increasing weight-adjusted dose (mg/kg). If well tolerated, doses up to 0.12 mg/kg once daily may provide additional benefit.
In clinical trials, there were dose-related and exposure-related risks for several clinically significant adverse reactions (hypotension, bradycardia, sedative events). Thus, consideration should be given to dosing guanfacine extended-release on a mg/kg basis, in order to balance the exposure-related potential benefits and risks of treatment.
2.3 Switching from Immediate-Release Guanfacine to Guanfacine Extended-ReleaseIf switching from immediate-release guanfacine, discontinue that treatment, and titrate with guanfacine extended-release following above recommended schedule.
Do not substitute for immediate-release guanfacine tablets on a milligram-per-milligram basis, because of differing pharmacokinetic profiles. Guanfacine extended-release has a delayed Tmax, reduced Cmax and lower bioavailability compared to those of the same dose of immediate-release guanfacine [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
2.4 Maintenance TreatmentIt is generally agreed that pharmacological treatment of ADHD may be needed for extended period. The effectiveness of guanfacine extended-release for longer-term use (more than 9 weeks) has not been systematically evaluated in controlled trials. Therefore the physician electing to use guanfacine extended-release for extended periods should periodically re-evaluate the long-term usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.
2.5 DiscontinuationInfrequent, transient elevations in blood pressure above original baseline (i.e., rebound) have been reported to occur upon abrupt discontinuation of guanfacine. To minimize these effects, the dose should generally be tapered in decrements of no more than 1 mg every 3 to 7 days.
2.6 Missed DosesWhen reinitiating patients to the previous maintenance dose after two or more missed consecutive doses, physicians should consider titration based on patient tolerability.
2.7 Dose Adjustment with Concomitant Use of Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors or InducersDosage adjustments for guanfacine extended-release are recommended with concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., boceprevir, clarithromycin, conivaptan, grapefruit juice, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lopinavir/ritonavir, mibefradil, nefazodone, nelfinavir, posaconazole, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir, telithromycin, and voriconazole), or CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., avasimibe, carbamazepine, phenytoin, rifampin, and St. John’s wort) (Table 1) [see Drug Interactions (7)].
Table 1: Dose Adjustments in Patients Taking Concomitant CYP3A4 Inhibitors or Inducers Scenarios Comedications Initiate guanfacine extended-release when taking comedications Continue guanfacine extended-release when adding a comedication Stop a comedication when continuing guanfacine extended-release Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Guanfacine extended-release dose should be limited to 2 mg/day Guanfacine extended-release dose should be decreased by half. Guanfacine extended-release dose should be doubled based on patient tolerability. The maximum dose should not exceed 4 mg/day Strong CYP3A4 Inducers Guanfacine extended-release dose may be titrated up to 8 mg/day. Consider faster titration (e.g. in increments of 2 mg/week) Consider increase guanfacine extended-release dose gradually in 1 to 2 weeks to 2 fold of the original dose based on patient tolerability. Guanfacine extended-release dose should be decreased by half in 1 to 2 weeks based on patient tolerability. The maximum dose should not exceed 4 mg/day
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