Mepivacaine Hydrochloride And Levonordefrin

Mepivacaine Hydrochloride And Levonordefrin

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Questions & Answers

Side Effects & Adverse Reactions

RESUSCITATIVE EQUIPMENT AND DRUGS SHOULD BE IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE. (See ADVERSE REACTIONS).

Reactions resulting in fatality have occurred on rare occasions with the use of local anesthetics, even in the absence of a history of hypersensitivity.

Fatalities may occur with use of local anesthetics in the head and neck region as the result of retrograde arterial flow to vital CNS areas even when maximum recommended doses are observed. The practitioner should be alert to early evidence of alteration in sensorium or vital signs.

The solution which contains a vasoconstrictor (Mepivacaine HCl 2%) should be used with extreme caution for patients whose medical history and physical evaluation suggest the existence of hypertension, arteriosclerotic heart disease, cerebral vascular insufficiency, heart block, thyrotoxicosis and diabetes, etc.

The solution which contains a vasoconstrictor (Mepivacaine HCl 2%) also contains potassium metabisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in non-asthmatic people. Mepivacaine HCl 3% is SULFITE FREE.

Mepivacaine, along with other local anesthetics, is capable of producing methemoglobinemia. The clinical signs of methemoglobinemia are cyanosis of the nail beds and lips, fatigue and weakness. If methemoglobinemia does not respond to administration of oxygen, administration of methylene blue intravenously 1-2 mg/kg body weight over a 5 minute period is recommended.

The American Heart Association has made the following recommendations regarding the use of local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors in patients with ischemic heart disease: "Vasoconstrictor agents should be used in local anesthesia solutions during dental practice only when it is clear that the procedure will be shortened or the analgesia rendered more profound. When a vasoconstrictor is indicated, extreme care should be taken to avoid intravascular injection. The minimum possible amount of vasoconstrictor should be used." (Kaplan, EL, editor: Cardiovascular disease in dental practice, Dallas 1986, American Heart Association.)

Legal Issues

There is currently no legal information available for this drug.

FDA Safety Alerts

There are currently no FDA safety alerts available for this drug.

Manufacturer Warnings

There is currently no manufacturer warning information available for this drug.

FDA Labeling Changes

There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.

Uses

Mepivacaine is indicated for production of local anesthesia for dental procedures by infiltration or nerve block in adults and pediatric patients.

History

There is currently no drug history available for this drug.

Other Information

Mepivacaine Hydrochloride, a tertiary amine used as a local anesthetic, is 1-methyl-2', 6' - pipecoloxylidide monohydrochloride with the following structural formula:

Chemical Structure

C15H22N2 0•HCl      M.W. 282.81

It is a white, crystalline, odorless powder soluble in water, but very resistant to both acid and alkaline hydrolysis.

Levonordefrin, a sympathomimetic amine used as a vasoconstrictor in local anesthetic solution, is (-)-Chemical Structure-(1-Aminoethyl)-3, 4-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol with the following structural formula:

Chemical Structure

C9H13NO3   M.W. 183.21

It is a white or buff-colored crystalline solid, freely soluble in aqueous solutions of mineral acids, but practically insoluble in water;

DENTAL CARTRIDGES MAY NOT BE AUTOCLAVED.

Mepivacaine hydrochloride injection 3% and Mepivacaine hydrochloride 2% with levonordefrin 1:20,000 injection are sterile solutions for injection.

COMPOSITION: CARTRIDGE
Each mL contains: 2% 3%
  Mepivacaine Hydrochloride 20 mg 30 mg
  Levonordefrin 0.05 mg -
  Sodium Chloride 4 mg 6 mg
  Potassium metabisulfite 1.2 mg -
  Edetate disodium 0.25 mg -
  Sodium Hydroxide q.s. ad pH; Hydrochloric Acid 0.5 mg -
  Water For Injection, qs. ad. 1 mL 1 mL
  The pH of the 2% cartridge solution is adjusted between 3.3 and 5.5 with NaOH.
  The pH of the 3% cartridge solution is adjusted between 4.5 and 6.8 with NaOH.

Mepivacaine Hydrochloride And Levonordefrin Manufacturers


  • Darby Dental Supply, Llc
    Mepivacaine Hydrochloride And Levonordefrin Injection, Solution [Darby Dental Supply, Llc]

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