Milk Of Magnesia

Milk Of Magnesia

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Questions & Answers

Side Effects & Adverse Reactions

Cardiac Failure

Sympathetic stimulation is necessary in supporting circulatory function in congestive heart failure, and beta-blockade carries the potential hazard of further depressing myocardial contractility and precipitating more severe failure.

In patients with acute myocardial infarction, cardiac failure which is not promptly and effectively controlled by 80 mg of intravenous furosemide or equivalent therapy is a contraindication to beta-blocker treatment.

In Patients Without a History of Cardiac Failure

Continued depression of the myocardium with beta-blocking agents over a period of time can, in some cases, lead to cardiac failure. At the first sign or symptom of impending cardiac failure, patients should be treated appropriately according to currently recommended guidelines, and the response observed closely. If cardiac failure continues despite adequate treatment, atenolol should be withdrawn (see DOSAGE AND ADMNISTRATION).

Cessation of Therapy with Atenolol

Patients with coronary artery disease, who are being treated with atenolol, should be advised against abrupt discontinuation of therapy. Severe exacerbation of angina and the occurrence of myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmias have been reported in angina patients following the abrupt discontinuation of therapy with beta-blockers. The last two complications may occur with or without preceding exacerbation of the angina pectoris. As with other beta-blockers, when discontinuation of atenolol is planned, the patients should be carefully observed and advised to limit physical activity to a minimum. If the angina worsens or acute coronary insufficiency develops, it is recommended that atenolol be promptly reinstituted, at least temporarily. Because coronary artery disease is common and may be unrecognized, it may be prudent not to discontinue atenolol therapy abruptly even in patients treated only for hypertension (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

Concomitant Use of Calcium Channel Blockers

Bradycardia and heart block can occur and the left ventricular end diastolic pressure can rise when beta-blockers are administered with verapamil or diltiazem. Patients with pre-existing conduction abnormalities or left ventricular dysfunction are particularly susceptible (see PRECAUTIONS).

Bronchospastic Diseases

PATIENTS WITH BRONCHOSPASTIC DISEASE SHOULD, IN GENERAL, NOT RECEIVE BETA-BLOCKERS. Because of its relative beta1 selectivity, however, atenolol may be used with caution in patients with bronchospastic disease who do not respond to, or cannot tolerate, other antihypertensive treatment. Since beta1 selectivity is not absolute, the lowest possible dose of atenolol should be used with therapy initiated at 50 mg and a beta2-stimulating agent (bronchodilator) should be made available. If dosage must be increased, dividing the dose should be considered in order to achieve lower peak blood levels.

Major Surgery

Chronically administered beta-blocking therapy should not be routinely withdrawn prior to major surgery; however, the impaired ability of the heart to respond to reflex adrenergic stimuli may augment the risks of general anesthesia and surgical procedures.

Diabetes and Hypoglycemia

Atenolol should be used with caution in diabetic patients if a beta-blocking agent is required. Beta-blockers may mask tachycardia occurring with hypoglycemia, but other manifestations such as dizziness and sweating may not be significantly affected. At recommended doses atenolol does not potentiate insulin-induced hypoglycemia and, unlike nonselective beta-blockers, does not delay recovery of blood glucose to normal levels.

Thyrotoxicosis

Beta-adrenergic blockade may mask certain clinical signs (e.g., tachycardia) of hyperthyroidism. Abrupt withdrawal of beta-blockade might precipitate a thyroid storm; therefore, patients suspected of developing thyrotoxicosis from whom atenolol therapy is to be withdrawn should be monitored closely (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

Untreated Pheochromocytoma

Atenolol should not be given to patients with untreated pheochromocytoma.

Pregnancy and Fetal Injury

Atenolol can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Atenolol crosses the placental barrier and appears in cord blood. Administration of atenolol, starting in the second trimester of pregnancy, has been associated with the birth of infants that are small for gestational age. No studies have been performed on the use of atenolol in the first trimester and the possibility of fetal injury cannot be excluded. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.

Neonates born to mothers who are receiving atenolol at parturition or breastfeeding may be at risk for hypoglycemia and bradycardia. Caution should be exercised when atenolol is administered during pregnancy or to a woman who is breastfeeding (see PRECAUTIONS, Nursing Mothers).

Atenolol has been shown to produce a dose-related increase in embryo/fetal resorptions in rats at doses equal to or greater than 50 mg/kg/day or 25 or more times the maximum recommended human antihypertensive dose1. Although similar effects were not seen in rabbits, the compound was not evaluated in rabbits at doses above 25 mg/kg/day or 12.5 times the maximum recommended human antihypertensive dose1

Legal Issues

There is currently no legal information available for this drug.

FDA Safety Alerts

There are currently no FDA safety alerts available for this drug.

Manufacturer Warnings

There is currently no manufacturer warning information available for this drug.

FDA Labeling Changes

There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.

Uses

Hypertension

Atenolol tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. These benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including atenolol.

Control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. Many patients will require more than 1 drug to achieve blood pressure goals. For specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program's Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC).

Numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. The largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly.

Elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmHg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. Relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal.

Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (eg, on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy.

Atenolol tablets may be administered with other antihypertensive agents.

Angina Pectoris Due to Coronary Atherosclerosis

Atenolol tablets are indicated for the long-term management of patients with angina pectoris.

Acute Myocardial Infarction

Atenolol tablets are indicated in the management of hemodynamically stable patients with definite or suspected acute myocardial infarction to reduce cardiovascular mortality. Treatment can be initiated as soon as the patient's clinical condition allows (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, CONTRAINDICATIONS, and WARNINGS). In general, there is no basis for treating patients like those who were excluded from the ISIS-1 trial (blood pressure less than 100 mm Hg systolic, heart rate less than 50 bpm) or have other reasons to avoid beta-blockade. As noted above, some subgroups (e.g., elderly patients with systolic blood pressure below 120 mm Hg) seemed less likely to benefit.

History

There is currently no drug history available for this drug.

Other Information

Atenolol, a synthetic, beta1-selective (cardioselective) adrenoreceptor blocking agent, may be chemically described as benzeneacetamide, 4 -[2’-hydroxy-3’-[(1- methylethyl) amino] propoxy]-. The molecular formula is C14H22N2O3 and its structural formula is:

atenololtabs-figure-01

Atenolol (free base) has a molecular weight of 266. It is a relatively polar hydrophilic compound with a water solubility of 26.5 mg/mL at 37° C and a log partition coefficient (octanol/water) of 0.23. It is freely soluble in 1N HCl (300 mg/mL at 25° C) and less soluble in chloroform (3 mg/mL at 25° C).

Atenolol tablets, USP are available as 25, 50 and 100 mg tablets for oral administration.

Inactive Ingredients: Colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium starch glycolate.

Milk Of Magnesia Manufacturers


  • Western Family Foods Inc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Western Family Foods Inc]
  • Western Family Foods Inc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Western Family Foods Inc]
  • Cvs Pharmacy
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Cvs Pharmacy]
  • Medicine Shoppe International Inc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Medicine Shoppe International Inc]
  • Hyvee Inc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Hyvee Inc]
  • Physicians Total Care, Inc.
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Suspension [Physicians Total Care, Inc.]
  • Medicine Shoppe International Inc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Medicine Shoppe International Inc]
  • H E B
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [H E B]
  • Hyvee Inc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Hyvee Inc]
  • Cvs Pharmacy
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Cvs Pharmacy]
  • Meijer Distribution Inc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Meijer Distribution Inc]
  • H E B
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [H E B]
  • H E B
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [H E B]
  • Safeway
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Safeway]
  • Rij Pharmaceutical Corporation
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Rij Pharmaceutical Corporation]
  • Rij Pharmaceutical Corporation
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Rij Pharmaceutical Corporation]
  • Shopko Stores Operating Co., Llc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Shopko Stores Operating Co., Llc]
  • Llc Federal Solutions
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Suspension [Llc Federal Solutions]
  • Shopko Stores Operating Co., Llc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Shopko Stores Operating Co., Llc]
  • Shopko Stores Operating Co., Llc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Shopko Stores Operating Co., Llc]
  • Walgreen Company
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Walgreen Company]
  • Publix Super Markets Inc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Publix Super Markets Inc]
  • Western Family Foods Inc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Western Family Foods Inc]
  • Cvs Pharmacy
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Cvs Pharmacy]
  • Meijer Distribution Inc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Meijer Distribution Inc]
  • Hyvee Inc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Hyvee Inc]
  • Kroger Company
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Suspension [Kroger Company]
  • Kroger Company
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Suspension [Kroger Company]
  • Paddock Laboratories, Llc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Suspension [Paddock Laboratories, Llc]
  • Walgreen Company
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Suspension [Walgreen Company]
  • Pharmaceutical Associates, Inc.
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Suspension [Pharmaceutical Associates, Inc.]
  • Pharmaceutical Associates, Inc.
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Suspension [Pharmaceutical Associates, Inc.]
  • Kinray Llc
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Liquid [Kinray Llc]
  • Walgreen Company
    Milk Of Magnesia (Magnesium Hydroxide) Suspension [Walgreen Company]

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