Mupirocin

Mupirocin Manufacturers

• Glenmark Generics Inc., Usa
  

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  Mupirocin | Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc.

  

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  2.1 Initial Dosing

  To avoid medication errors, prescribers and pharmacists must be aware that oxymorphone is available as both immediate-release 5 mg and 10 mg tablets and extended-release 5 mg and 10 mg tablets [see Dosage Forms and Strengths].

  Oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets should be prescribed only by healthcare professionals who are knowledgeable in the use of potent opioids for the management of chronic pain.

  Initiate the dosing regimen for each patient individually, taking into account the patient’s prior analgesic treatment experience and risk factors for addiction, abuse, and misuse [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Monitor patients closely for respiratory depression, especially within the first 24 to 72 hours of initiating therapy with oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

  Oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets must be taken whole, one tablet at a time, with enough water to ensure complete swallowing immediately after placing in the mouth [see Patient Counseling Information (17)]. Crushing, chewing, or dissolving oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets will result in uncontrolled delivery of oxymorphone and can lead to overdose or death [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].

  Oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets are administered at a frequency of twice daily (every 12 hours). Administer on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour prior to or 2 hours after eating.

  Use of Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets as the First Opioid Analgesic

  Initiate treatment with oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets with the 5 mg tablet orally every 12-hours.

  Use of Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets in Patients who are not Opioid Tolerant

  The starting dose for patients who are not opioid tolerant is oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets 5 mg orally every 12 hours. Patients who are opioid tolerant are those receiving, for one week or longer, at least 60 mg oral morphine per day, 25 mcg transdermal fentanyl per hour, 30 mg oral oxycodone per day, 8 mg oral hydromorphone per day, 25 mg oral oxymorphone per day, or an equianalgesic dose of another opioid.

  Use of higher starting doses in patients who are not opioid tolerant may cause fatal respiratory depression.

  Conversion from Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Tablets to Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets

  Patients receiving oxymorphone hydrochloride tablets may be converted to oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets by administering half the patient's total daily oral oxymorphone hydrochloride dose as oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets, every 12 hours.

  Conversion from Parenteral Oxymorphone to Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets

  The absolute oral bioavailability of oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets is approximately 10%. Convert patients receiving parenteral oxymorphone to oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets by administering 10 times the patient's total daily parenteral oxymorphone dose as oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets in two equally divided doses (e.g., [IV dose x 10] divided by 2). Due to patient variability with regards to opioid analgesic response, upon conversion monitor patients closely to evaluate for adequate analgesia and side effects.

  Conversion from Other Oral Opioids to Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets

  Discontinue all other around-the-clock opioid drugs when oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets therapy is initiated.

  While there are useful tables of opioid equivalents readily available, there is substantial inter-patient variability in the relative potency of different opioid drugs and products. As such, it is preferable to underestimate a patient’s 24-hour oral oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets requirements and provide rescue medication (e.g., immediate-release opioid) than to overestimate the 24-hour oral oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets requirements which could result in adverse reactions. In an oxymorphone clinical trial with an open-label titration period, patients were converted from their prior opioid to oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets using Table 1 as a guide for the initial oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets dose.

  Consider the following when using the information in Table 1:

  • This is not a table of equianalgesic doses. • The conversion factors in this table are only for the conversion from one of the listed oral opioid analgesics to oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets. • This table cannot be used to convert from oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets to another opioid. Doing so will result in an over-estimation of the dose of the new opioid and may result in fatal overdose.

  CONVERSION FACTORS TO OXYMORPHONE HYDROCHLORIDE EXTENDED-RELEASE TABLETS

  Prior Oral Opioid

  Approximate Oral Conversion Factor

  Oxymorphone

  1

  Hydrocodone

  0.5

  Oxycodone

  0.5

  Methadone

  0.5

  Morphine

  0.333

  To calculate the estimated oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets dose using Table 1:

  • For patients on a single opioid, sum the current total daily dose of the opioid and then multiply the total daily dose by the conversion factor to calculate the approximate oral (active opioid) daily dose. • For patients on a regimen of more than one opioid, calculate the approximate oral (active opioid) dose for each opioid and sum the totals to obtain the approximate total (active opioid) daily dose. • For patients on a regimen of fixed-ratio opioid/non-opioid analgesic products, use only the opioid component of these products in the conversion

  Always round the dose down, if necessary, to the appropriate oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets strength(s) available.

  Example conversion from a single opioid to oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets:

  • Step 1: Sum the total daily dose of the opioid oxycodone 20 mg BID 20 mg former opioid 2 times daily = 40 mg total daily dose of former opioid • Step 2: Calculate the approximate equivalent dose of oral (active opioid) based on the total daily dose of the current opioid using Table 1 40 mg total daily dose of former opioid x 0.5 mg Conversion Factor = 20 mg of oral (active opioid) daily • Step 3: Calculate the approximate starting dose of oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets to be given every 12 hours. Round down, if necessary, to the appropriate oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets strengths available. 10 mg oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets every 12 hours

  Conversion from Methadone to Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets

  Close monitoring is of particular importance when converting from methadone to other opioid agonists. The ratio between methadone and other opioid agonists may vary widely as a function of previous dose exposure. Methadone has a long half-life and can accumulate in the plasma.

  2.2 Titration and Maintenance of Therapy

  Individually titrate oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets to a dose that provides adequate analgesia and minimizes adverse reactions. Continually reevaluate patients receiving oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets to assess the maintenance of pain control and the relative incidence of adverse reactions, as well as monitoring for the development of addiction, abuse, and misuse. Frequent communication is important among the prescriber, other members of the healthcare team, the patient, and the caregiver/family during periods of changing analgesic requirements, including initial titration. During chronic therapy, periodically reassess the continued need for the use of opioid analgesics.

  If the level of pain increases, attempt to identify the source of increased pain, while adjusting the oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets dose to decrease the level of pain. Because steady-state plasma concentrations are approximated within 3 days, oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets dosage adjustments, preferably at increments of 5 to 10 mg every 12 hours, may be done every 3 to 7 days.

  Patients who experience breakthrough pain may require a dose increase of oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets, or may need rescue medication with an appropriate dose of an immediate-release analgesic. If the level of pain increases after dose stabilization, attempt to identify the source of increased pain before increasing oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets dose.

  If unacceptable opioid-related adverse reactions are observed, the subsequent dose may be reduced. Adjust the dose to obtain an appropriate balance between management of pain and opioid-related adverse reactions.

  2.3 Discontinuation of Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets

  When a patient no longer requires therapy with oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets, use a gradual downward titration of the dose every two to four days, to prevent signs and symptoms of withdrawal in the physically-dependent patient. Do not abruptly discontinue oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets.

  2.4 Administration of Oxymorphone Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets

  Instruct patients to swallow oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets intact. The tablets are not to be crushed, dissolved, or chewed due to the risk of rapid release and absorption of a potentially fatal dose of oxymorphone [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Administer on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour prior to or 2 hours after eating.

  2.5 Patients with Hepatic Impairment

  Oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets are contraindicated in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment.

  In opioid-naïve patients with mild hepatic impairment, initiate treatment with the 5 mg dose. For patients on prior opioid therapy, start oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets at 50% lower than the starting dose for a patient with normal hepatic function on prior opioids and titrate slowly. Monitor patients closely for signs of respiratory or central nervous system depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

  2.6 Patients with Renal Impairment

  In patients with creatinine clearance rates less than 50 mL/min, start oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets in the opioid-naïve patient with the 5 mg dose. For patients on prior opioid therapy, start oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets at 50% lower than the starting dose for a patient with normal renal function on prior opioids and titrate slowly. Monitor patients closely for signs of respiratory or central nervous system depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.7) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

  2.7 Geriatric Patients

  The steady-state plasma concentrations of oxymorphone are approximately 40% higher in elderly subjects than in young subjects. Initiate dosing with oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets in patients 65 years of age and over using the 5 mg dose and monitor closely for signs of respiratory and central nervous system depression when initiating and titrating oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets to adequate analgesia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Use in Specific Populations (8.5) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. For patients on prior opioid therapy, start oxymorphone hydrochloride extended-release tablets at 50% lower than the starting dose for a younger patient on prior opioids and titrate slowly.

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