Nitrofurantoin Suspension

Nitrofurantoin Suspension

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Questions & Answers

Side Effects & Adverse Reactions

Pulmonary reactions

ACUTE, SUBACUTE, OR CHRONIC PULMONARY REACTIONS HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH NITROFURANTOIN.  IF THESE REACTIONS OCCUR, NITROFURANTOIN ORAL SUSPENSION, USP SHOULD BE DISCONTINUED AND APPROPRIATED MEASURES TAKEN.  REPORTS HAVE CITED PULMONARY REACTIONS AS A CONTRIBUTING CAUSE OF DEATH.

CHRONIC PULMONARY REACTIONS (DIFFUSE INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS OR PULMONARY FIBROSIS, OR BOTH) CAN DEVELOP INSIDIOUSLY.  THESE REACTIONS OCCUR RARELY AND GENERALLY IN PATIENTS RECEIVING THERAPY FOR SIX MONTHS OR LONGER.    CLOSE MONITORING OF THE PULMONARY CONDITION OF PATIENTS RECEIVING LONG-TERM THERAPY IS WARRANTED AND REQUIRES THAT THE BENEFITS OF THERAPY BE WEIGHED AGAINST POTENTIAL RISKS.(see RESPIRATORY REACTIONS.)

Hepatotoxicity

Hepatic reactions, including hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, chronic active hepatitis, and hepatic necrosis, occur rarely.  Fatalities have been reported.  The onset of chronic active hepatitis may be insidious, and patients should be monitored periodically for changes in biochemical tests that would indicate liver injury.  If hepatitis occurs, the drug should be withdrawn immediately and appropriate measures should be taken.

Neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy, which may become severe or irreversible, has occurred.  Fatalities have been reported.  Conditions such as renal impairment (creatinine clearance under 60 mL per minute or clinically significant elevated serum creatinine), anemia, diabetes mellitus, electrolyte imbalance, vitamin B deficiency, and debilitating disease may enhance the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy.  Patients receiving long-term therapy should be monitored periodically for changes in renal function.

Optic neuritis has been reported rarely in postmarketing experience with nitrofurantoin formulations.

Hemolytic anemia

Cases of hemolytic anemia of the primaquine-sensitivity type have been induced by nitrofurantoin.  Hemolysis appears to be linked to a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the red blood cells of the affected patients.  This deficiency is found in 10 percent of Blacks and a small percentage of ethnic groups of Mediterranean and Near-Eastern origin.  Hemolysis is an indication for discontinuing Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension, USP; hemolysis ceases when the drug is withdrawn.

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea

Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis.  Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.

C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD.  Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy.  CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use.  Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.

If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued.  Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.

Legal Issues

There is currently no legal information available for this drug.

FDA Safety Alerts

There are currently no FDA safety alerts available for this drug.

Manufacturer Warnings

There is currently no manufacturer warning information available for this drug.

FDA Labeling Changes

There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.

Uses

Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension, USP is specifically indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections when due to susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and certain susceptible strains of Klebsiella and Enterobacter species.

Nitrofurantoin is not indicated for the treatment of pyelonephritis or perinephric abscesses.

Nitrofurantoins lack the broader tissue distribution of other therapeutic agents approved for urinary tract infections.  Consequently, many patients who are treated with nitrofurantoin oral suspension, USP are predisposed to persistence or reappearance of bacteriuria.  Urine specimens for culture and susceptibility testing should be obtained before and after completion of therapy.  If persistence or reappearance of bacteriuria occurs after treatment with nitrofurantoin oral suspension, USP, other therapeutic agents with broader tissue distribution should be selected.  In considering the use of nitrofurantoin oral suspension, USP, lower eradication rates should be balanced against the increased potential for systemic toxicity and for the development of antimicrobial resistance when agents with broader tissue distribution are utilized.

History

There is currently no drug history available for this drug.

Other Information

Nitrofurantoin, a synthetic chemical, is a stable, yellow, crystalline compound.  Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension, USP is an antibacterial agent for specific urinary tract infections.  Nitrofurantoin Oral Suspension, USP is available in 25 mg/5 mL liquid suspension for oral administration.

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Nitrofurantoin Suspension Manufacturers


  • Gavis Pharmaceuticals, Llc
    Nitrofurantoin Suspension [Gavis Pharmaceuticals, Llc]
  • Prasco Laboratories
    Nitrofurantoin Suspension [Prasco Laboratories]
  • Caraco Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Ltd.
    Nitrofurantoin Suspension [Caraco Pharmaceutical Laboratories, Ltd.]
  • Amneal Pharmaceuticals Of New York, Llc
    Nitrofurantoin Suspension [Amneal Pharmaceuticals Of New York, Llc]

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