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Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP is indicated for diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of bone to define areas of altered osteogenic activity.
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Other Information
Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP is a positron emitting radiopharmaceutical, containing no-carrier-added, radioactive fluoride F 18 that is used for diagnostic purposes in conjunction with PET imaging. It is administered by intravenous injection.The active ingredient, sodium fluoride F 18, has the molecular formula Na[18F] with a molecular weight of 40.99, and has the following chemical structure:
Na+18F-
Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP is provided as a ready-to-use, isotonic, sterile, pyrogen-free, preservative-free, clear and colorless solution. Each mL of the solution contains between 740 MBq to 22,200 MBq (20 mCi to 600 mCi) sodium fluoride F 18, at the EOS reference time, in 0.9% aqueous sodium chloride. The pH of the solution is between 4.5 and 8. The solution is presented in 20 mL multiple-dose glass vials with variable total volume and total radioactivity in each vial.
Fluorine F 18 decays by positron (β+) emission and has a half-life of 109.7 minutes. Ninety-seven percent of the decay results in emission of a positron with a maximum energy of 633 keV and 3% of the decay results in electron capture with subsequent emission of characteristic X-rays of oxygen. The principal photons useful for diagnostic imaging are the 511 keV gamma photons, resulting from the interaction of the emitted positron with an electron (Table 2). Fluorine F 18 atom decays to stable 18O-oxygen.
Radiation/Emission | % per Disintegration | Mean Energy |
---|---|---|
Positron (β+) | 96.73 | 249.8 keV |
Gamma (±)* | 193.46 | 511.0 keV |
* Produced by positron annihilation
[3] Kocher, D.C. Radioactive Decay Data Tables DOE/TIC-11026, 69, 1981.
The specific gamma ray constant for fluoride F 18 is 5.7 R/hr/mCi (1.35 x 10-6 Gy/hr/kBq) at 1 cm. The half-value layer (HVL) for the 511 keV photons is 4.1 mm lead (Pb). A range of values for the attenuation of radiation results from the interposition of various thickness of Pb. The range of attenuation coefficients for this radionuclide is shown in Table 3. For example, the interposition of an 8.3 mm thickness of Pb with a coefficient of attenuation of 0.25 will decrease the external radiation by 75%.
Shield Thickness (Pb) mm | Coefficient of Attenuation |
---|---|
0 | 0.00 |
4 | 0.50 |
8 | 0.25 |
13 | 0.10 |
26 | 0.01 |
39 | 0.001 |
52 | 0.0001 |
Time Since Calibration | Fraction Remaining |
---|---|
0* | 1.00 |
15 minutes | 0.909 |
30 minutes | 0.826 |
60 minutes | 0.683 |
110 minutes | 0.500 |
220 minutes | 0.250 |
440 minutes | 0.060 |
12 hours | 0.011 |
24 hours | 0.0001 |
* Calibration time
Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP is a positron emitting radiopharmaceutical, containing no-carrier-added, radioactive fluoride F 18 that is used for diagnostic purposes in conjunction with PET imaging. It is administered by intravenous injection.The active ingredient, sodium fluoride F 18, has the molecular formula Na[18F] with a molecular weight of 40.99, and has the following chemical structure:
Na+18F-
Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP is provided as a ready-to-use, isotonic, sterile, pyrogen-free, preservative-free, clear and colorless solution. Each mL of the solution contains between 740 MBq to 22,200 MBq (20 mCi to 600 mCi) sodium fluoride F 18, at the EOS reference time, in 0.9% aqueous sodium chloride. The pH of the solution is between 4.5 and 8. The solution is presented in 20 mL multiple-dose glass vials with variable total volume and total radioactivity in each vial.
11.2 Physical CharacteristicsFluorine F 18 decays by positron (β+) emission and has a half-life of 109.7 minutes. Ninety-seven percent of the decay results in emission of a positron with a maximum energy of 633 keV and 3% of the decay results in electron capture with subsequent emission of characteristic X-rays of oxygen. The principal photons useful for diagnostic imaging are the 511 keV gamma photons, resulting from the interaction of the emitted positron with an electron (Table 2). Fluorine F 18 atom decays to stable 18O-oxygen.
Radiation/Emission | % per Disintegration | Mean Energy |
---|---|---|
Positron (β+) | 96.73 | 249.8 keV |
Gamma (±)* | 193.46 | 511.0 keV |
* Produced by positron annihilation
[3] Kocher, D.C. Radioactive Decay Data Tables DOE/TIC-11026, 69, 1981.
The specific gamma ray constant for fluoride F 18 is 5.7 R/hr/mCi (1.35 x 10-6 Gy/hr/kBq) at 1 cm. The half-value layer (HVL) for the 511 keV photons is 4.1 mm lead (Pb). A range of values for the attenuation of radiation results from the interposition of various thickness of Pb. The range of attenuation coefficients for this radionuclide is shown in Table 3. For example, the interposition of an 8.3 mm thickness of Pb with a coefficient of attenuation of 0.25 will decrease the external radiation by 75%.
Shield Thickness (Pb) mm | Coefficient of Attenuation |
---|---|
0 | 0.00 |
4 | 0.50 |
8 | 0.25 |
13 | 0.10 |
26 | 0.01 |
39 | 0.001 |
52 | 0.0001 |
Time Since Calibration | Fraction Remaining |
---|---|
0* | 1.00 |
15 minutes | 0.909 |
30 minutes | 0.826 |
60 minutes | 0.683 |
110 minutes | 0.500 |
220 minutes | 0.250 |
440 minutes | 0.060 |
12 hours | 0.011 |
24 hours | 0.0001 |
* Calibration time
Sources
Plagentra Soothing Revolution Bb Manufacturers
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C.a Pharm Co., Ltd.
Plagentra Soothing Revolution Bb | Feinstein Institute For Medical Research
2.1 Radiation Safety - Drug Handling Wear waterproof gloves and effective shielding when handling Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP. Use appropriate safety measures, including shielding, consistent with proper patient management to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient, occupational workers, clinical personnel, and other persons. Radiopharmaceuticals should be used by or under the control of physicians who are qualified by specific training and experience in the safe use and handling of radionuclides, and whose experience and training have been approved by the appropriate governmental agency authorized to license the use of radionuclides. Use aseptic technique to maintain sterility during all operations involved in the manipulation and administration of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP. The dose of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP should be minimized consistent with the objectives of the procedure, and the nature of the radiation detection devices employed. The final dose for the patient should be calculated using proper decay factors from the time of End of Synthesis (EOS), and measured by a suitable radioactivity calibration system before administration [see Description 11.2]. 2.2 Radiation Safety - Patient Preparation To minimize radiation-absorbed dose to the bladder, encourage adequate hydration. Encourage the patient to ingest at least 500 mL of fluid immediately prior and subsequent to the administration of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP. Encourage the patient to void one-half hour after administration of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP and as frequently thereafter as possible for the next 12 hours. 2.3 Drug Preparation and Administration Calculate the necessary volume to administer based on calibration time and dose. Inspect Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP visually for particulate matter and discoloration before administration, whenever solution and container permit. Do not administer Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP containing particulate matter or discoloration; dispose of these unacceptable or unused preparations in a safe manner, in compliance with applicable regulations. Aseptically withdraw Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP from its container. 2.4 Recommended Dose for AdultsAdminister 300-450 MBq (8-12 mCi) as an intravenous injection.
2.5 Recommended Dose for Pediatric PatientsIn reported clinical experience in approximately 100 children, weight based doses (2.1 MBq/kg) ranging from 19 MBq-148 MBq (0.5 mCi-4 mCi) were used.
2.6 Radiation DosimetryThe age/weight-based estimated absorbed radiation doses (mGy/MBq) from intravenous injection of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP are shown in Table 1. These estimates were calculated based on human data and using the data published by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission [1] and the International Commission on Radiological Protection for Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP [2]. The bone, bone marrow, and urinary bladder are considered target and critical organs.
Table 1: Estimated Absorbed Radiation Doses after Intravenous Administration of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP Organ Estimated Radiation Dose mGy/MBq Adult 70 kg [1] 15 year 56.8 kg [2] 10 year 33.2 kg [2] 5 year 19.8 kg [2] 1 year 9.7 kg [2] Adrenals 0.0062 0.012 0.018 0.028 0.052 Brain 0.0056 N/A N/A N/A N/A Bone surfaces 0.060 0.050 0.079 0.13 0.30 Breasts 0.0028 0.0061 0.0097 0.015 0.030 Gallbladder wall 0.0044 N/A N/A N/A N/A Stomach wall 0.0038 0.008 0.013 0.019 0.036 Small intestine 0.0066 0.012 0.018 0.028 0.052 Upper large intestine wall 0.0058 0.010 0.016 0.026 0.046 Lower large intestine wall 0.012 0.016 0.025 0.037 0.063 Heart wall 0.0039 N/A N/A N/A N/A Kidneys 0.019 0.025 0.036 0.053 0.097 Liver 0.0040 0.0084 0.013 0.021 0.039 Lungs 0.0041 0.0084 0.013 0.020 0.039 Muscle 0.0060 N/A N/A N/A N/A Ovaries 0.011 0.016 0.023 0.036 0.063 Pancreas 0.0048 0.0096 0.015 0.023 0.044 Red marrow 0.028 0.053 0.088 0.18 0.38 Skin 0.0040 N/A N/A N/A N/A Spleen 0.0042 0.0088 0.014 0.021 0.041 Testes 0.0078 0.013 0.021 0.033 0.062 Thymus 0.0035 N/A N/A N/A N/A Thyroid 0.0044 0.0084 0.013 0.020 0.036 Urinary bladder wall 0.25 0.27 0.4 0.61 1.1 Uterus 0.019 0.023 0.037 0.057 0.099 Other tissue N/A 0.010 0.015 0.024 0.044 Effective Dose Equivalent mSv/MBq 0.027 0.034 0.052 0.086 0.17[1] Data from Nuclear Regulatory Commission Report, Radiation Dose Estimates for Radiopharmaceuticals, NUREG/CR-6345, page 10, 1996.
2.7 Imaging Guidelines Imaging of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP can begin 1-2 hours after administration; optimally at 1 hour post administration. Encourage the patient to void immediately prior to imaging the fluoride F18 radioactivity in the lumbar spine or bony pelvis. 2.1 Radiation Safety - Drug Handling Wear waterproof gloves and effective shielding when handling Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP. Use appropriate safety measures, including shielding, consistent with proper patient management to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient, occupational workers, clinical personnel, and other persons. Radiopharmaceuticals should be used by or under the control of physicians who are qualified by specific training and experience in the safe use and handling of radionuclides, and whose experience and training have been approved by the appropriate governmental agency authorized to license the use of radionuclides. Use aseptic technique to maintain sterility during all operations involved in the manipulation and administration of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP. The dose of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP should be minimized consistent with the objectives of the procedure, and the nature of the radiation detection devices employed. The final dose for the patient should be calculated using proper decay factors from the time of End of Synthesis (EOS), and measured by a suitable radioactivity calibration system before administration [see Description 11.2]. 2.2 Radiation Safety - Patient Preparation To minimize radiation-absorbed dose to the bladder, encourage adequate hydration. Encourage the patient to ingest at least 500 mL of fluid immediately prior and subsequent to the administration of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP. Encourage the patient to void one-half hour after administration of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP and as frequently thereafter as possible for the next 12 hours. 2.3 Drug Preparation and Administration Calculate the necessary volume to administer based on calibration time and dose. Inspect Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP visually for particulate matter and discoloration before administration, whenever solution and container permit. Do not administer Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP containing particulate matter or discoloration; dispose of these unacceptable or unused preparations in a safe manner, in compliance with applicable regulations. Aseptically withdraw Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP from its container. 2.4 Recommended Dose for Adults
[2] Data from ICRP publication 53, Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals, Ann ICRP, Volume 18, pages 15 and 74, 1987.Administer 300-450 MBq (8-12 mCi) as an intravenous injection.
2.5 Recommended Dose for Pediatric PatientsIn reported clinical experience in approximately 100 children, weight based doses (2.1 MBq/kg) ranging from 19 MBq-148 MBq (0.5 mCi-4 mCi) were used.
2.6 Radiation DosimetryThe age/weight-based estimated absorbed radiation doses (mGy/MBq) from intravenous injection of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP are shown in Table 1. These estimates were calculated based on human data and using the data published by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission [1] and the International Commission on Radiological Protection for Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP [2]. The bone, bone marrow, and urinary bladder are considered target and critical organs.
Table 1: Estimated Absorbed Radiation Doses after Intravenous Administration of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP Organ Estimated Radiation Dose mGy/MBq Adult 70 kg [1] 15 year 56.8 kg [2] 10 year 33.2 kg [2] 5 year 19.8 kg [2] 1 year 9.7 kg [2] Adrenals 0.0062 0.012 0.018 0.028 0.052 Brain 0.0056 N/A N/A N/A N/A Bone surfaces 0.060 0.050 0.079 0.13 0.30 Breasts 0.0028 0.0061 0.0097 0.015 0.030 Gallbladder wall 0.0044 N/A N/A N/A N/A Stomach wall 0.0038 0.008 0.013 0.019 0.036 Small intestine 0.0066 0.012 0.018 0.028 0.052 Upper large intestine wall 0.0058 0.010 0.016 0.026 0.046 Lower large intestine wall 0.012 0.016 0.025 0.037 0.063 Heart wall 0.0039 N/A N/A N/A N/A Kidneys 0.019 0.025 0.036 0.053 0.097 Liver 0.0040 0.0084 0.013 0.021 0.039 Lungs 0.0041 0.0084 0.013 0.020 0.039 Muscle 0.0060 N/A N/A N/A N/A Ovaries 0.011 0.016 0.023 0.036 0.063 Pancreas 0.0048 0.0096 0.015 0.023 0.044 Red marrow 0.028 0.053 0.088 0.18 0.38 Skin 0.0040 N/A N/A N/A N/A Spleen 0.0042 0.0088 0.014 0.021 0.041 Testes 0.0078 0.013 0.021 0.033 0.062 Thymus 0.0035 N/A N/A N/A N/A Thyroid 0.0044 0.0084 0.013 0.020 0.036 Urinary bladder wall 0.25 0.27 0.4 0.61 1.1 Uterus 0.019 0.023 0.037 0.057 0.099 Other tissue N/A 0.010 0.015 0.024 0.044 Effective Dose Equivalent mSv/MBq 0.027 0.034 0.052 0.086 0.17[1] Data from Nuclear Regulatory Commission Report, Radiation Dose Estimates for Radiopharmaceuticals, NUREG/CR-6345, page 10, 1996.
2.7 Imaging Guidelines Imaging of Sodium Fluoride F 18 Injection, USP can begin 1-2 hours after administration; optimally at 1 hour post administration. Encourage the patient to void immediately prior to imaging the fluoride F18 radioactivity in the lumbar spine or bony pelvis.
[2] Data from ICRP publication 53, Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals, Ann ICRP, Volume 18, pages 15 and 74, 1987.
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