Potassium Chloride In Lactated Ringers And Dextrose
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Questions & Answers
Side Effects & Adverse Reactions
Solutions containing calcium ions should not be administered simultaneously through the same administration set as blood because of the likelihood of coagulation.
Solutions which contain potassium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with hyperkalemia, severe renal failure and in conditions in which potassium retention is present.
To avoid potassium intoxication, do not infuse these solutions rapidly. In patients with severe renal insufficiency or adrenal insufficiency, administration of potassium chloride may cause potassium intoxication.
Solutions containing sodium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency and in clinical states in which there exists edema with sodium retention.
In patients with diminished renal function, administration of solutions containing sodium or potassium ions may result in sodium or potassium retention.
Solutions containing lactate ions should be used with great care in patients with metabolic or respiratory alkalosis. The administration of lactate ions should be done with great care where there is an increased level or an impaired utilization of lactate ions, as in severe hepatic insufficiency.
The intravenous administration of these solutions can cause fluid and/or solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema.
The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentration of administered parenteral solutions. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of such solutions.
Legal Issues
There is currently no legal information available for this drug.
FDA Safety Alerts
There are currently no FDA safety alerts available for this drug.
Manufacturer Warnings
There is currently no manufacturer warning information available for this drug.
FDA Labeling Changes
There are currently no FDA labeling changes available for this drug.
Uses
These solutions are indicated in patients requiring parenteral administration of potassium chloride and the replacement of extracellular losses of fluids and electrolytes with minimal carbohydrate calories.
History
There is currently no drug history available for this drug.
Other Information
Intravenous solutions with potassium chloride (I.V. solutions with KCl) are sterile and nonpyrogenic solutions in water for injection. They are for administration by intravenous infusion only.
See Table for summary of content and characteristics of these solutions.
The solutions contain no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer and each is intended only for use as a single-dose injection. When smaller doses are required the unused portion should be discarded.
These solutions are parenteral fluid, nutrient and/or electrolyte replenishers.
Dextrose, USP is chemically designated D-glucose, monohydrate (C6H12O6 • H2O), a hexose sugar freely soluble in water. It has the following structural formula:
Potassium Chloride, USP is chemically designated KCl, a white granular powder freely soluble in water.
Sodium Chloride, USP is chemically designated NaCl, a white crystalline powder freely soluble in water.
Calcium Chloride, USP is chemically designated calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2 • 2H2O), white fragments or granules freely soluble in water.
Sodium Lactate, USP is chemically designated monosodium lactate [CH3CH(OH)COONa], a 60% aqueous solution miscible in water. It has the following structural formula:
Water for Injection, USP is chemically designated H20.
The flexible plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinylchloride. Water can permeate from inside the container into the overwrap but not in amounts sufficient to affect the solution significantly. Solutions in contact with the plastic container may leach out certain chemical components from the plastic in very small amounts; however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of the plastic container materials. Exposure to temperatures above 25°C/77°F during transport and storage will lead to minor losses in moisture content. Higher temperatures lead to greater losses. It is unlikely that these minor losses will lead to clinically significant changes within the expiration period.
Sources
Potassium Chloride In Lactated Ringers And Dextrose Manufacturers
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Hospira, Inc.
![Potassium Chloride In Lactated Ringers And Dextrose (Potassium Chloride, Sodium Chloride, Calcium Chloride, Sodium Lactate, And Dextrose Monohydrate) Injection, Solution [Hospira, Inc.]](/wp-content/themes/bootstrap/assets/img/loading2.gif)
Potassium Chloride In Lactated Ringers And Dextrose | Hospira, Inc.
These solutions should be administered only by intravenous infusion and as directed by the physician. The dose and rate of injection are dependent upon the age, weight and clinical condition of the patient. If the serum potassium level is greater than 2.5 mEq/liter, potassium should be given at a rate not to exceed 10 mEq/hour in a concentration less than 30 mEq/liter. Somewhat faster rates and greater concentrations (usually up to 40 mEq/liter) of potassium may be indicated in patients with more severe potassium deficiency. The total 24-hour dose should not generally exceed 200 mEq of potassium.
As reported in the literature, the dosage and constant infusion rate of intravenous dextrose must be selected with caution in pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low birth weight infants, because of the increased risk of hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia.
Drug Interactions
Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store.
The presence of calcium limits their compatibility with certain drugs that form precipitates of calcium salts, and also prohibits their simultaneous infusion through the same administration set as blood because of the likelihood of coagulation.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. (See PRECAUTIONS.)
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Baxter Healthcare Corporation
Potassium Chloride In Lactated Ringers And Dextrose | Baxter Healthcare Corporation
As directed by a physician. Dosage, rate, and duration of administration are to be individualized and dependent upon the indication for use, the patient’s age, weight, concomitant treatment and clinical condition of the patient as well as laboratory determinations.
All injections in VIAFLEX Plus plastic containers are intended for intravenous administration using sterile and nonpyrogenic equipment.
After opening the container, the contents should be used immediately and should not be stored for a subsequent infusion. Do not reconnect any partially used containers.
The infusion rate should not exceed the patient’s ability to utilize glucose in order to avoid hyperglycemia.
As reported in the literature, the dosage and constant infusion rate of intravenous dextrose must be selected with caution in pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low weight infants, because of the increased risk of hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia (See PRECAUTIONS, Pediatric Use).
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. Do not administer unless the solution is clear and the seal is intact.
When making additions to Potassium Chloride in Lactated Ringer’s and 5% Dextrose Injection, USP, aseptic technique must be used. Mix the solution thoroughly when additives have been introduced. Do not store solutions containing additives.
Additives may be incompatible with Potassium Chloride in Lactated Ringer’s and 5% Dextrose Injection, USP. As with all parenteral solutions, compatibility of the additives with the solution must be assessed before addition, by checking for a possible color change and/or the appearance of precipitates, insoluble complexes, or crystals. Before adding a substance or medication, verify that it is soluble and/or stable in water and that the pH range of Potassium Chloride in Lactated Ringer’s and 5% Dextrose Injection, USP is appropriate.
The instructions for use of the medication to be added and other relevant literature must be consulted. Additives known or determined to be incompatible should not be used.
![Potassium Chloride In Lactated Ringers And Dextrose (Dextrose Monohydrate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Lactate, Potassium Chloride, Calcium Chloride) Injection, Solution [Baxter Healthcare Corporation]](http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/image.cfm?setid=05f326e6-10e4-4ceb-8a23-f53c592f00b8&name=14e57ddb-471a-4740-baef-451d53dccefe-02.jpg)
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