Propoflo

Propoflo Manufacturers

• Abbott Laboratories
  

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  Propoflo | Abbott Laboratories

  

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  Shake the vial thoroughly before opening.

  Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Propofol is a white stable emulsion; do not use if there is evidence of separation of the phases. Do not use if there is evidence of excessive creaming or aggregation, if large droplets are visible, or if there are other forms of phase separation indicating that the stability of the product has been compromised. Slight creaming, which should disappear after shaking, may be visible upon prolonged standing. Do not use if particulate matter and discoloration are present.

  Propofol contains no antimicrobial preservatives. Strict aseptic techniques must always be maintained during handling since the vehicle is capable of supporting the rapid growth of microorganisms. Failure to follow aseptic handling procedures may result in microbial contamination causing fever, infection/sepsis, and/or other life-threatening illness. Do not use if contamination is suspected.

  Once propofol has been opened, vial contents should be drawn into sterile syringes; each syringe should be prepared for single patient use only.

  Unused product should be discarded within 6 hours.

  The emulsion should not be mixed with other therapeutic agents prior to administration. Administer by intravenous injection only.

  For induction, propofol injection should be titrated against the response of the patient over 30-60 seconds or until clinical signs show the onset of anesthesia. Rapid injection of propofol (≤ 5 seconds) may be associated with an increased incidence of apnea2.

  The average propofol induction dose rates for healthy dogs given propofol alone, or when propofol is preceded by a premedicant, are indicated in the table below. This table is for guidance only. The dose and rate should be based upon patient response.

   Induction Dosage Guidelines   Preanesthetic   Propofol Induction   Propofol Rate of Administration     Dose           mg/kg   Seconds   mg/kg/min   mL/kg/min   None   5.5   40 - 60   5.5 - 8.3   0.55 - 0.83   Acepromazine   3.7   30 - 50   4.4 - 7.4   0.44 - 0.74   Acepromazine / Oxymorphone   2.6   30 - 50   3.1 - 5.2   0.31 - 0.52  

  Propofol doses and rates for the above premedicants were based upon the following average dosages. These doses may be lower than the label directions for their use as a single medication3,4.

   Dose (mg/kg)  Routes   Acepromazine   0.060   IM, SC, IV   Oxymorphone   0.090   IM, SC, IV   Xylazine   0.33   IM, SC

  The use of these drugs as preanesthetics markedly reduces propofol requirements. As with other sedative hypnotic agents, the amount of opioid and/or α-2 agonist premedication will influence the response of the patient to an induction dose of propofol.

  In the presence of premedication, the dose of propofol may be reduced with increasing age of the animal. The dose of propofol should always be titrated against the response of the patient.

  During induction, additional low doses of propofol, similar to those used for maintenance with propofol, may be administered to facilitate intubation or the transition to inhalant maintenance anesthesia.

   A. Intermittent Propofol Injections:
  Anesthesia can be maintained by administering propofol in intermittent IV injections. Clinical response will be determined by the amount and the frequency of maintenance injections. The following table is provided for guidance:

   Maintenance Dosage Guidelines   Preanesthetic   Propofol Maintenance   Rate of Administration     Dose           mg/kg   Seconds   mg/kg/min   mL/kg/min   None   2.2   10 - 30   4.4 - 13.2   0.44 - 1.32   Acepromazine   1.6   10 - 30   3.2 - 9.6   0.32 - 0.96   Acepromazine / Oxymorphone   1.8   10 - 30   3.6 - 10.8   0.36 - 1.08  

  Repeated maintenance doses of propofol do not result in increased recovery times or dosing intervals, indicating that the anesthetic effects of propofol are not cumulative.

  B. Maintenance by Inhalant Anesthetics:
  Due to the rapid metabolism of propofol, additional low doses of propofol, similar to those used for maintenance with propofol, may be required to complete the transition to inhalant maintenance anesthesia.

  Clinical trials using propofol have shown that it may be necessary to use a higher initial concentration of the inhalant anesthetic halothane than is usually required following induction using barbiturate anesthetics, due to rapid recovery from propofol5.

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